CITATIONSINTRODUCTION1See “Confidence in the U.S. President: How much confidence do you have in the U.S. President (Bush ‘03-’08, Obama ‘09-)?” Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/database/?indicator=6&survey=14&response=Confidence&mode=chart2See 2010 United States National Security Strategy. Retrieved from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdfTRANS-ATLANTIC ECONOMY1Hamilton, D., & Quinlan, J. (2012). The Transatlantic Economy 2012: Annual survey of jobs, trade, and investment between the United States and Europe. (p. v).Washington, DC: Center for Transatlantic Relations.2Fritz-Vannahme, J. (2012). Für die Vereinigten Staaten von Europa. Spotlight Europe, (13), p. 3.3Testimony of James Quigley (29 February, 2012). Panel on the Future of US Trade Negotiations: Hearing before the US House Committee on Waysand Means, 112th Congress, p. 4.4EU-US High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth. (2012). Interim Report to Leaders from the Co-Chairs: EU-US High Level Working Group onJobs and Growth. Retrieved from: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2012/june/tradoc_149557.pdf5Committee on International Trade. (15 October, 2012). Report on trade and economic relations with the United States (report no. 2012/2149[INI]).European Parliament. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A7-2012-0321&language=EN6Chase, P. (July 2011) The United States, European Union and International Investment. (GMF Paper Series). The German Marshall Fund of theUnited States. Retrieved from: http://www.gmfus.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files_mf/chase_us_eu_intlinvestment_jul111.pdf7There are certain asymmetries developing in the investment relationship. Whereas Europe still directed 72 percent of its outbound FDI to the USin 2010, the share of US’s FDI to Europe fell to 55.2 percent. There have been some confounding trends in European investment. European banks inurgent need of shoring up their balance sheets have deleveraged international investments. Even as the crisis compels European firms to repatriatecapital, some companies have poured investment into the US. Airbus announced in summer 2012 the opening of a $600 million facility in Alabama,its first US plant. See Hamilton, D. and Quinlan, J. (2012). The Transatlantic Economy 2012: Vol 1. Headline Trends, Center for Transatlantic Relations, (pp.vi-ix).8German Marshall Fund of the United States (February. 2012). A New Era for Transatlantic Trade Relationship: A Report from the Transatlantic TaskForce on Trade and Investment. p. 23. Retrieved from: http://www.gmfus.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files_mf/tatf_report_2012.pdf.9International Monetary Fund. (April 2012). World Economic Outlook Database (data file and code book). Retrieved from: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/index.aspx10Erixson, F. and Bauer, M. (April 2012). A Transatlantic Zero Agreement: Estimating the Gains from Transatlantic Trade in Goods, ECIPE, p. 2. (pp.1-18).11US Chamber of Commerce (2012). Transatlantic Economic and Trade Pact: An Opportunity to Bolster Growth and Job Creation in the United States and the EuropeanUnion. Retrieved from: http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/international/files/17566_TransEconomic_TradePact_OPT.pdf12Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammer (DIHK). (11 April, 2012). Contribution to the Public Consultation of the European Commission on the EU-US HighLevel Working Group on Jobs and Growth. Retrieved from: http://www.rgit-usa.com/fileadmin/ahk_rgitusa/media/pdf/2012/DIHK_COM_Consultation_on_EU-US_Working_Group_on_Jobs_and_Growth.pdf13European Commission (accessed 17 December, 2012). International Affairs: EU-US High Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth. Retrieved from:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/international/cooperating-governments/usa/jobs-growth/index_en.htm14See the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act 2011 at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr1249enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr1249enr.pdf15Schwab, S. (2011). After Doha: Why the Negotiations Are Doomed and What We Should Do About It. Foreign Affairs p. 105. ( p.104-117).16Business Roundtable and the TransAtlantic Business Dialogue. (February 2012). Joint Statement: Forging a Transatlantic Partnership in the 21stCentury. Retrieved from: http://businessroundtable.org/news-center/forging-a-transatlantic-partnership-for-the-21st-century17Only the agriculture sector has expressed its preference for a single undertaking in its most extreme form. Other organizations, including TABD,have called for a single undertaking as well but recognize the need to be open to other options.7 8Citations
18Offices of Sens. John Kerry and Rob Portman et al. (22 February, 2012) “Letter to President Obama supporting an Ambitious Trade Agenda withEurope” [Press Release]. Retrieved at: http://portman.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=3b3f67e0-a74a-44e5-97f3-efeef000441019Transatlantic Legislators Dialogue. (11 June, 2012). TLD Joint Statement. Retrieved at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201206/20120612ATT46685/20120612ATT46685EN.pdf20The TLD’s recent move to restructure its biannual meetings based on specific, discrete issues is a move in the right direction. The administrationshould encourage the TLD to appoint a committee-based roster of membership that mirrors the trans-Atlantic partnership agenda. Selection shouldbe designated by membership on committees salient to the partnership, such as Ways and Means, Financial Services and Agriculture. It shouldalso look for ways to include Senate representation. This membership should also assign relevant committee staff that can serve as liaisons forTLD activities. Such an approach could serve as a way station for coordinating the passage of agreements established within the trans-Atlanticpartnership.21See the Anti-Counterfeit Trade Agreement at: http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/11/st12/st12196.en11.pdf22The manner in which ACTA was signed has been a source of some controversy in the US. Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), in particular, has questionedthe administration’s assertion that the agreement will not alter existing US law. See Office of Senator Ron Wyden (2011). “Wyden to President: Isn’tCongress Supposed to Approve International Trade Agreements?”(press release). Retrieved at: http://www.wyden.senate.gov/news/press-releases/wyden-to-president-isnt-congress-supposed-to-approve-international-trade-agreementsEUROZONE CRISIS1Gurria, A. and Padoan, P.C.(27 November, 2012). Economic Outlook No. 92. (press conference). OECD. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/eco/economicoutlookanalysisandforecasts/Handout%20EO92%20-%20English.pdf2Elliot, L., Smith, H. and Kollewe, J. (16 June, 2012). World Bank Warns that Euro Collapse Could Spark Global Crisis. The Guardian. Retrieved from:http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/jun/16/world-bank-euro-collapse-crisis3International Monetary <strong>Foundation</strong>. (4-5 November, 2012). Global Prospects and Policy Challenges: Meeting of G-20 Finance Ministers and CentralBank Governors. p. 18 (special report). Retrieved from: http://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/pdf/110512.pdf4Ibid. p.3.5Ibid.6See Joint Statement of the Ministers of Finance of Germany, the Netherlands, and Finland. Retrieved from: http://www.vm.fi/vm/en/03_press_releases_and_speeches/01_press_releases/20120925JointS/name.jsp7See Rede Von Bundeskanzerlin Merkel Anlaesslich der Eroeffnung des 61. Akademischen Jahres Des Europakollegs Bruegge. Retrieved from: http://www.coleurope.eu/sites/default/files/speech-files/rede_merkel_europakolleg_bruegge.pdf8Bledowski, K (6 November, 2012). “Political Risk Moves to the Forefront in the European Crisis” (issue brief) MAPI. Retrieved from: http://www.mapi.net/political-risk-moves-forefront-european-crisis9See “Speech from German Chancellor Angela Merkel in European Parliament “(7 November, 2012). Retrieved from: http://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Content/DE/Rede/2012/11/2012-11-07-merkel-eu.html;jsessionid=E0A3525A0CF7EB8650CAADAB08AF9870.s1t2?nn=7442010Bureau of Economic Analysis. (18 September, 2012). BEA International Transactions. (Database). US Department of Commerce. Retrieved from: http://bea.gov/iTable/index_ita.cfm11Hamilton, D. & Quinlan, J. (2012). Pg ix.12Hamilton, D. & Quinlan, J. (2012. Pg v.13Petersen, T. and Böhmer, M. (2012). Economic Impact of Southern European Member states exiting the Eurozone. (policy brief 2012/06). Pg. 5-6. Die<strong>Bertelsmann</strong> Stiftung. Retrived from: http://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/cps/rde/xbcr/SID-8466B5BD-06382534/bst_engl/xcms_bst_dms_36656__2.pdf14Odion-Esene, B. (9 November, 2012). Phil Fed Survey: Q4 GDP Outlook Revised Down, Payrolls Raised. Deutsche Boerse Group. Retrieved from: https://mninews.marketnews.com/index.php/phil-fed-survey-q4-gdp-outlook-revised-down-payrolls-raised?q=content/phil-fed-survey-q4-gdp-outlookrevised-down-payrolls-raised15Miles, D. (7 May, 2012). “Force Changes in Europe to Preserve Strategic Edge.” American Forces Press Service. Retrieved from: http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=11622116See IMF Members’ Quotas and Voting Power, and IMF Board of Governors. Retrieved from: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx17Mayer, C. (24, September, 2012). Germany After the Poll: A World Leader? Time. Retrieved from: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1925849,00.html18See Speech by Mario Draghi, President of the European Central Bank at the Global Investment Conference in London, 26, July 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2012/html/sp120726.en.html19Mason, J. (11 May, 2010). Obama Presses Spain’s Zapatero over Economic Reform. Reuters. Retrieved from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/05/11/eurozone-spain-obama-idUSN1166321220100511Citations7 9
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the deficit from 4.5 percent to thr
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