20Berlemont, I. (25 July, 2012). France-Turkish Relations: Expectations from François Hollande’s Presidential Term. Wise Men Center for Strategic Studies.Retrieved from: http://www.bilgesam.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=524:french-turkish-relations-expectations-fromfrancois-hollandes-presidential-term&catid=70:ab-analizler&Itemid=13121German-Turkish Trade Relations are Gaining Momentum. (2 April, 2012). Deutschwelle. Retrieved from: http://www.dw.de/german-turkish-traderelations-are-gaining-momentum/a-15853653-122Gezer, O. and Reimann, A. (28 February, 2011). “You are Part of Germany, But Also Part of Great Turkey”. Der Spiegel. Retrieved from: http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/erdogan-urges-turks-not-to-assimilate-you-are-part-of-germany-but-also-part-of-our-great-turkey-a-748070.html23House of Commons. (2012). p.77.24Coskun, O. (30 October, 2012). EU Will Lose Turkey If It Hasn’t Joined By 2023: Erdogan. Reuters. Retrieved from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/30/us-germany-turkey-idUSBRE89T1TG2012103025The EU and Turkey: Steering a Safer Path Through the Storms. (1 December 2011). EU Observer. Retrieved from: http://euobsever.com/opinion/11447326Those eight chapters are: company law; right of establishment and freedom to provide services; information society and media; statistics; judiciaryand fundamental rights; justice, freedom and security; consumer and health protection; and financial control.27Benitez, J. (19 November, 2012). German Defense Minister Expects Request Today to Deploy Patriot Missiles to Turkey. NATO Source (Weblog post).Retrieved from: http://www.acus.org/natosource/german-defense-minister-expects-request-today-deploy-patriot-missiles-turkey28Crawford, D., Peker, E. and Fidler, S. (26 November, 2012). Germany, Turkey Spar Over Patriots. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324784404578143271316436766.html?mod=googlenews_wsj29As mentioned previously, of the 76 journalists currently imprisoned in Turkey, more than 70 percent are of Kurdish ethnicity. See Committee toProtect Journalists (October 2012). p.20.30International Crisis Group. (2 April, 2012). Aphrodite’s Gift: Can Cypriot Gas Power A New Dialogue? (issue brief). Retrieved from: http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2012/europe/cyprus-aphrodites-gift-can-cypriot-gas-power-a-new-dialogue.aspx31Ibid.32Turkey’s Foreign Ministry has announced that any oil and gas companies cooperating with Nicosia would be banned from energy projects insideTurkey. See Turkey Warns Oil Firms Eyeing Cyprus Shelf. (5 November, 2012). UPI. Retrieved from: http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Resources/2012/11/05/Turkey-warns-oil-firms-eyeing-Cyprus-shelf/UPI-99481352091840/33International Crisis Group (2 April, 2012). Aphrodite’s Gift: Can Cypriot Gas Power a New Dialogue?34See OSCE Guide on Non-military Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs). Retrieved from: http://www.osce.org/cpc/9108235See European Commission (21 June, 2012). Statement by EU Commissioner Cecelia Malstroem on the Initialling of the EU-Turkey ReadmissionAgreement. (memo/14/477). Retrieved from: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-12-477_en.htm36In its 2011 Human Rights Report, the US State Department cited Turkey for “deficiencies in effective access to justice”, including “broad lawsagainst terrorism and threats against the state” as well as “close connections between prosecutors and judges [that] gave the appearance ofimpropriety and unfairness in criminal cases…”. In US State Department (2011). Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Turkey.Retrieved from: http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/186624.pdf.37During a two-day trip to Turkey, O’Connor met with members of the High Council of Jurors and Prosecutors, the Justice Academy, andConstitutional Court. See US State Department (5 October 2011). Justice O’Connor: Keep It Short, Keep It Simple (press release). Retrieved from:http://turkey.usembassy.gov/justice_oconnor.html38For more on this topic, see Sidar Global Advisors, US Chamber of Commerce, and Turkish Industry and Business Association. (March 2012).US-Turkish Economic Relations in a New Era: Analysis and Recommendations for a Stronger Strategic Partnership. Retrieved from: http://www.uschamber.com/sites/default/files/reports/20120312-USCC-Report.pdf.39See European Commission (10 October 2012). Turkey: 2012 Progress Report. Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/tr_rapport_2012_en.pdf40Because of the EU-Turkey Customs Union, a third country that signs an FTA with the EU can get access, without customs duties, to both the EUmarket and the Turkish market. Turkey, however, cannot benefit from the same access to the FTA partner market, since it is not technically part of theaccord. The EU has attached a “Turkey clause” to its FTAs with third parties, whereby it asks the latter to conclude a similar agreement with Turkey.But these are non-binding clauses, and the EU has not really tried to enforce them.41Togan, S. (March 2012). The EU-Turkey Customs Union: A Model for Future Euro-Med Integration. The Center for European Policy Studies. (MEDPROtechnical report No. 9). Retrieved from: http://www.ceps.eu/book/eu-turkey-customs-union-model-future-euro-med-integration42EU, Turkey Attempt Immigration Give-and-Take. (22 June, 2012). EurActiv. Retrieved from: http://www.euractiv.com/justice/eu-turkey-attemptimmigration-gi-news-51349843See Phillips, D. de Waal, T. and Lemmon, H.E.M. (17 April, 2012). Diplomatic History: The Turkey-Armenia Protocols. Carnegie Endowment forInternational Peace. Retrieved from: http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/04/17/diplomatic-history-turkey-armenia-protocols and International CrisisGroup. (14 April, 2009). Turkey and Armenia: Opening Minds, Opening Borders (Europe report no. 199). Retrieved from: http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/199_turkey_and_armenia___opening_minds_opening_borders_1.pdf8 8Citations
44Güsten, S. (24 October 2012). Using Cheese to Bridge the Turkey-Armenia Gap. The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/25/world/middleeast/25iht-m25-turk-armenia.html?pagewanted=all45Huber, D. (September 2012). Turkish-Israeli Relations in a Changing Strategic Environment. Istanbul Policy Center (issue brief). Retrieved from:http://www.iai.it/pdf/GTE/GTE_C_05.pdf.46Koplow, M.J. and Sasley, B.E. (27 June, 2012). Time to End the ‘Cold War’ between Turkey and Israel. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from:http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2012/0627/Time-to-end-the-cold-war-between-Turkey-and-Israel.RUSSIA1Sharma, S. (2011). Not an Exceptional Country: Russia and the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009. Mediterranean Quarterly, 22(4), p. 35.2Ibid., p. 36.3Ibid., p. 37.4Ibid.5Belton, C. (5 July, 2012). Big Drop in Capital Flight from Russia-But No Change in Trend. The Financial Times. Retrieved from: http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/07/05/big-drop-in-capital-flight-from-russia-but-no-change-in-trend/6Trenin, D. (2011). Russian Policies towards the Nordic-Baltic Region. in Nurick, R. and Nordenman, M. (Eds.), Nordic-Baltic Security in the 21st Century:the Regional Agenda and the Global Role (special report). The Atlantic Council.7“Putin and Cameron Emphasize Trade Ties” (2 August, 2012). Financial Times. Retrieved from www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/5627e6b0-dc1-11e1-bbdc00144feab49.a.html#26MWkl85J8The Cruel Sea. (11 February, 2010). The Economist. Retrieved from: http://www.economist.com/node/155149149Ost-Ausschuss der Deutschen Wirtschaft. (2012). Russische Foederation. (Economic Trade Summary). Retrieved from: http://www.ost-ausschuss.de/russland#wibeziehungen10Timmins, G. (June 2011). German-Russia Bilateral Relations and EU Policy on Russia: Normalization and the “Multilateral Reflex”. Journal ofContemporary European Studies, 19(2). p. 197.11Meister, S. (9 May, 2012). An Alienated Partnership: German-Russian Relations After Putin’s Return. (FIIA briefing paper no. 105). The Finnish Instituteof International Affairs. p. 6.12European Commission. (2012). Directorate General for Trade Country Profile: Russia. Retrieved from: www.ec.europa.eu/trade/creatingopportunities/bilateral-relations/countries/russia/13European Commission (2011). EU-Russia Energy Dialogue 12th Progress Report. Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/international/russia/doc/20111201_eu_russia_report.pdf14EU Probe into Gazprom Adds to Energy Tensions. (4 September, 2010). Reuters. Retrieved from: http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/09/04/gazprom-euidINL6E8K4GJU2012090415On July 20, 2012, the Russian Ambassador to France Aleksandr Orlov stated that,”it will be difficult for him (Assad) to stay in office given everythingthat happened”. in Park, S. (1 August, 2012). “Russia’s Diplomacy During the Syria Crisis (Web log post). Center for Strategic and International Studies.Retrieved from: http://csis.org/blog/russias-diplomacy-during-syria-crisis16Bryanski, G. (9 December, 2011). Russia’s Middle Class: A Growing Problem for Putin. Reuters. Retrieved from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/09/us-russia-protests-middleclass-idUSTRE7B80QU2011120917Quoted in Aron, L. (2012). Russia’s Protesters: The People, Ideals, and Prospects (issue brief). The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.p. 3.18Ibid.19Dmitriev, M. and Treisman, D. (September/October 2012). The Other Russia: Discontent Grows in the Hinterland. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from:http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137836/mikhail-dmitriev-and-daniel-treisman/the-other-russia20Cooper, W.H. (2012). PNTR for Russia and US-Russian Economic Ties. (report no. 7-5700). Congressional Research Service Report for Congress. p. 3.21Asland, A. and Hufbauer, G.C. (November 2011). The United States Should Establish PNTR With Russia. (issue brief) Peterson Institute for InternationalEconomics.22Russian Lawyer Sergei Magnitsky was imprisoned and eventually found dead in a Russian jail cell after uncovering a $230 million tax evasionscheme by Russian government officials while working on behalf of Hermitage Capital Management. For more information, see: Thornhill, J. andDyer, G. (27 July, 2012). The Magnitsky Law. The Financial Times. Retrieved from: http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7efe34d6-d5f0-11e1-a5f3-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2EJ8qkUjL23Epatko, L. (24 June, 2010). “Q and A: Medvedev Meets with Obama on Modernization Plan, Arms Control”. PBS Newshour.Citations 8 9
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