radiolaria - Marum

Bibliography - 1989 Radiolaria 14
Gawor-Biedowa, E. & Witwicka, E. 1989. Subclass
Radiolaria Muller, 1858. In: Geology of Poland, Atlas of
guide and characteristic fossils. (Malinowska, L., Eds.), vol.
3/2c. Wydawnictwa Geol., Warsaw, Poland. pp. 1-218.
Giese, M. & Schmidt-Effing, R. 1989. Eine
Radiolarienfauna aus dem Unter-Karbon von Amonau bei
Wetter (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge/Hessen). Geologica et
Paleontologica, 23, 71-81.
A well preserved radiolarian fauna could be extracted from the
phosphorite-nodules of the "Liegende Alaunschiefer" near Amonau
(Wetter). This fauna is composed by 7 genera with 13 species. They
belong to three stratigraphical groups. Group I consists of Albaillella
cornuta, Archocyrtium climoceras, Archocyrtium coronaesimilae,
Archocyrtium riedeli, Astroentactinia multispinosa, Ceratoikiscum
apertum, Ceratoikiscum speciosum, Entactinia vulgaris and
Popofskyellum undulatum and longs from the Lower Tournaisian to
the Upper Visean. Group II consists of Albaillella paradoxa,
Archocyrtium castuligerum and Ceratoikiscum avimexpectans and
longs from the Lower to the Upper Tournaisian. Group III consists of
Entactinia tortispina and longs from the Upper Tournaisian to the
Upper Visean. Consequently the fauna has to be assigned to the
Upper Tournaisian [Tn 3; to the Archocyrtium lagabrielli-Zone of
GOURMELON (1987), although the index species has not been found
up to now.].
Goll, R.M. 1989. A synthesis of Norwegian Sea
biostratigraphies: ODP Leg 104 on the Voring Plateau. In:
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific
Results. (Eldholm, O., Thiede, J., Taylor, E. et al., Eds.),
vol. 104. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp.
777-826.
Summaries are presented of the 12 biostratigraphic
contributions to this volume, which treat the calcareous, siliceous,
and organic-walled microfossils preserved in the 1319.1 m of
sediments and the thin shales intercalated in the 914.0-m-thick
basalt series recovered on Leg 104. Biostratigraphic range data are
synthesized into a lower Eocene to Pleistocene biostratigraphic
framework for the sedimentary successions of the eight holes drilled
at Sites 642, 643, and 644 on the Vøring Plateau. Upper Neogene
successions 100.3 m thick at Site 643, 158.0-160.3 m thick at
Site 642, and 252.8 m thick at Site 644 form a composite section
that is regarded as 91% complete for the past 10.2 Ma. Aided by
interpretable magnetic polarity records and discontinuous
occurrences of calcareous microfossils, ages to the nearest 0.1 Ma
are assigned to these sediments with reasonable confidence. Lower
Neogene successions 117.7 m thick at Site 643 and 117.7 m thick
at Site 642 form a composite section interpreted as 93% complete
for the interval 13.4-23.5 Ma. Ages for these sediments are less
confidently assigned as a result of the general absence of
calcareous microfossils, more problematical polarity records and
few tie points. Paleogene successions 155.2 m thick at Site 643
and 1107.1 m thick (including the basalt series) at Site 642 pose
difficult correlation problems, and ages assigned to these sediments
are a compromise between dinoflagellate biostratigraphy and the
benthic foraminifer biostratigraphy by Kaminski (1988). Microfossil
distributions discussed in the synthesis include: actiniscidians,
Bolboforma; calcareous nannofossils, diatoms, ebridians, benthic and
planktonic foraminifers, ostracodes, palynomorphs, radiolarians, and
silicoflagellates.
Time intervals of 3.2 and 4.9 m.y. at Sites 642 and 643,
respectively, are represented by a major late-middle to early-late
Miocene hiatus. This and ten other hiatuses of lesser magnitude
divide the Neogene sedimentary succession of the outer Vøring
Plateau into ten sequences that are classified in a synthemic
system. Leg 104 hiatuses are correlative with hiatuses recognized
in the Pacific, and some appear to have equivalents in other regions
of the Norwegian Margin and on the Jan Mayen Ridge. A
biostratigraphic review of 14 Leg 38 sites indicates that the poorly
understood Paleogene sedimentary successions of the Norwegian
Sea may be represented by four major unconformity-bounded
sequences of regional scope.
Goll, R.M. & Bjørklund, K.R. 1989. A new
radiolarian biostratigraphy for the Neogene of the Norwegian
Sea: ODP Leg 104. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling
Program, Scientific Results. (Eldholm, O., Thiede, J., Taylor,
E. et al., Eds.), vol. 104. College Station, TX (Ocean
Drilling Program), pp. 697-737.
Radiolaria are present in frequencies ranging from rare to
abundant and with generally moderate to good preservation quality in
Leg 104 sediments younger than 22 Ma. Preservation degrades in
progressively younger sediments, and upper Pliocene to mid-
Pleistocene radiolaria were found only at Site 644, where sporadic
assemblages of moderate to poorly preserved specimens persist to
- 30 -
approximately 0.75 Ma. Radiolaria are essentially absent in Leg 104
recovery older than basal Miocene.
The stratigraphic ranges of 55 taxa of Radiolaria are
documented in 451 samples from the biosiliceous recoveries of
Holes 642B, 642C, 642D, 643A, and 644A. The stratigraphic
ranges of 25 of these species are used as boundary criteria for a
new system of 28 Neogene zones and subzones that are used to
characterize approximately 72% of the past 22 m.y. of
sedimentation on the Vøring Plateau. This new scheme is intended to
supercede the NRS zones provisionally proposed in the Leg 104
Initial Reports. The applicability of this regional biozonation beyond
the Vøring and Iceland Plateaus is not presently known.
The radiolaria biostratigraphy serves as a basis for inferring a
sequence of hiatuses and faunal overturns that may be associated
with sea-level low stands and consequent cold-water isolation of the
Norwegian Sea. Twenty-one new taxa are described as follows:
Actinomma henningsmoeni, Actinomma livae, Actinomma mirabile,
Actinomma plasticum, Ceratocyrtis broeggeri, Ceratocyrtis manumi,
Ceratocyrtis stoermeri, Clathrospyris vogti, Corythospyris hispida,
Corythospyris jubata sverdrupi, Corythospyris reuschi,
Crytocapsella ampullacea, Cyrocapsella kladaros, Gondwanaria
japonica kiaeri, Hexalonche esmarki, Larcospira bulbosa,
Phormospyris thespios, Pseudodicytophimus amundseni,
Spongotrochus vitabilis, Spongurus cauleti, and Tessarastrum
thiedei.
Goltman, E.B. 1989. Distribution of Upper Cretaceous
deposits in southeastern Central Asia according to
radiolarians. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Tadziksk. SSR., 32/1, 47-50.
(in Russian)
Gorka, H. 1989. Les Radiolaires du Campanien inférieur
de Cracovie (Pologne). Acta palaeont. pol., 34/4, 327-354.
Lower Campanian Radiolarians (Polycystina) from outcrops at
Cracow (southern Poland) are very abundant and very well preserved,
fifty species amongst spumellarians et nassellarians are described.
One genus, Vistularia, and four species are new:
Archaeospongoprunum cracoviense sp. n., Pseudoaulophacus
polonicus sp. n., Pesudoaulophacus vistulae sp. n., and Vistularia
magna gen. et sp. n.
Gorka, H. & Geroch, S. 1989. Radiolarians from a
lower Cretaceous section at Lipnik near Bielsko-Biala
(Carpathians, Poland). Ann. Soc. geol. Pol., 59, 183-195.
Radiolarians (Polycystina) from the Lower Cretaceous
(Hauterivian to Albian) of Lipnik near Bielsko-Biah are redescribed.
The previous determinations are revised on the basis of
observations in SEM. The radiolarians belong to the order Spumellaria
(7 species) and to Nassellaria (11 species).
Gowing, M.M. 1989. Abundance and feeding ecology of
Antarctic phaeodarian radiolarians. Marine Biol., 103, 107-
118.
Phaeodarian radiolarians were sampled from the upper 200 m
along a transect through the ice-edge zone in the Weddell Sea in the
austral autumn (March 1986) and at several stations in the western
Antarctic Peninsula region in the austral winter (June 1987).
Abundances of phaeodarians reached 3132 m -3 and were similar to
or higher than maximum abundances of polycystine radiolarians,
foraminiferans, and acantharians, and similar to or less than those
of the heliozoan Sticholonche sp. Phaeodarians varied in abundance
and species composition both seasonally and/or geographically. In
contrast to the more numerous ciliates and flagellates that were
most abundant in the upper 100 m, phaeodarians were most
abundant from 100 to 200 m and showed no distinct pattern related
to the ice edge. Electron microscopical examination of food vacuoles
showed that phaeodarians are omnivorous generalists, feeding on a
variety of food ranging in size from bacteria to large protozoans in
both regions and seasons. Algal cells consumed in addition to
diatoms and dinoflagellates included Chlorella-like cells and
members of the recently described chrysophyte order Parmales.
Scales of prasinophytes were common. Phaeodarians are consumed
by the non-selective particle feeding salp Salpa thompsoni. Thus.
phaeodarians link microbial food webs to macrozooplankton and
increase the complexity of the Antarctic food web.
Gowing, M.M. & Coale, S.L. 1989. Fluxes of living
radiolarians and their skeletons along a northeast Pacific
transect from coastal upwelling to open ocean waters. Deep-
Sea Res. Part A, oceanogr. Res. Pap., 36/4, 561-576.
Sinking fluxes of living polycystine and phaedorian radiolarians
and their intact empty skeletons were measured from surface
waters to 2000m using free-floating particle interceptor traps at