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Bibliography - 1989 Radiolaria 14 continue through Jurassic and Cretaceous sections. All of these Mesozoic siliceous deposits are of marine origin. Generally three lithologic associations with chert are recognized in the Mesozoic sections. 1. the Porphyrite-chert assemblage of Middle-Late Triassic age, 2. the Diabase-chert Formation of Middle-Late Jurassic age, and 3. carbonate complexes of Middle Triassic to Danian ages. The first two lithologic associations are connected with the breakup of the Dinaridic plate at the end of Early Triassic, which was followed by hybrid volcanic activity with the greatest production of volcanic rocks in the Ladinian. At that time an oceanic region developed, and existed to the Late Jurassic. Bedded chert formed on transitional and oceanic crust. They formed in different parts of this oceanic basin by different depositional mechanisms. Commonly, olistoliths of the porphyrite-chert assemblage occur in the Diabase-chert Formation. Siliceous deposits associated with carbonate complexes occur in different parts of Yugoslavia, but as an example of this lithologic association we discuss the occurrences in the Budva zone, Montenegin Littoral. The Budva zone represents a depositional trough on thinned continental crust situated between two carbonate platforms. The sedimentation of carbonate rocks with bedded chert took place mostly on the slopes, beginning with subtidal deposition in the latest Ladinian and evolving later into open-shelf deposition. O'Dogherty, L. 1989. Bioestratigrafía y Paleontología de las Facies con Radiolarios del Jurásico medio- superior de la Cordillera Bética. Tesis de Licenciatura. Universidad de Granada, 1-119 p. (unpublished) O'Dogherty, L., Aguado, R., Sandoval, J. & Martínez-Gallego, J. 1989b. Datos bioestratigráficos de las facies radiolaríticas del Jurásico Subbético. Cuad. Geol. ibérica, 13, 53-65. Radiolarian-rich siliceous facies of the Middle and Upper Jurassic were studied in four stratigraphic sequences located in different areas of the Middle Subbetic Zone. Two stratigraphic units are recognized. Calcareous radiolarites of the middle-upper Callovian and siliceous mudstones and marls of the uppermost Callovian to Oxfordian. The radiolarian assemblages recovered from the four sections permit to recognize the radiolarian zones A0, Al, A2, B, C1 and C2 of Baumgartner (1987) in the upper Bajocian to lower Tithonian. Ammonite faunas recovered from interbedded calcareous layers allow for more precise ties of the radiolarian zones to the stages. O'Dogherty, L., Sandoval, J., Martin-Algarra, A. & Baumgartner, P.O. 1989a. Las facies con radiolarios del Jurásico subbético (Cordillera Bética, Sur de España). Rev. Soc. mex. Paleont., 2, 70-77. In this paper we establish the biostratigraphy by means of Radiolaria and calcareous nannoplankton of the siliceous materials from three stratigraphic sequences located in different Middle Subbetic areas. The above cited series contain ammonite fauna in the under and/or overlying levels to the siliceous materials, and therefore the datations are simplified. For the interval uppermost Bajocian-lowermost Kimmeridgian we can recognize the radiolarian zones Al, A2, B and C1, which has been established by Baumgartner (1987) in the Western Tethys. Calcareous nannoplankton permits to distinguish two different intervals: a lower, Bajocian to Lower Callovian age and other one Callovian to Oxfordian. Okada, H., Tarduno, J.A., Nakaseko, K., Nishimura, A., Sliter, W.V. & Okada, H. 1989. Microfossil assemblage from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Nikoro Pelagic Sediments, Tokoro Belt, Hokkaido, Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Series D (Earth planet. Sci.), 27/3, 193-214. The Tokoro Belt in Hokkaido constitutes one of the major ophiolitic belts in the Japanese Islands. In order to clarify the origin of the Tokoro ophiolitic rocks which are represented by the Nikoro Group, new micropaleontologic data of the Nikoro pelagic sediments are presented in this paper as regards radiolarians, calcareous nannofossils and foraminifers. The results show that (1) the age of the Nikoro Group ranges from the Kimmeridgian to the early Albian, and (2) the Nikoro pelagic rocks were deposited in a seamount environment near an oceanic ridge in the paleoequatorial productive region, where the paleodepth was about 1000 m and above the CCD. Pessagno, E.A., Six, W.M. & Yang, Q. 1989. The Xiphostylidae Haeckel and Parvivaccidae, n. fam., (Radiolaria) from the North American Jurassic. Micropaleontology, 35/3, 193-255. This report deals with the Parvivaccidae, n. fam. and a revision of the Xiphostylidae Haeckel. Both of these spumellarian families are - 38 - unique in that they possess cortical shells consisting of two distinct fused layers of latticed meshwork. Three new genera and twentynine new species are described from the Xiphostylidae Haeckel. Emended definitions are presented for Triactoma Ruest, Tripocyclia Haeckel, and Xiphostylus Haeckel. Two new genera and two new species are described under the Parvivaccidae. Only Jurassic xiphostylid and parvivaccid taxa are figured herein. Range, occurrence, and relative abundance of the more important taxa are shown in the text-figures. Popova, I.M. 1989. Radiolarians from Neogene sediments section of South Sakhalin (between the rivers Kura-Uryum). In: Cenozoic of the Far East. (Krasilov, V.A. & Klimora, R.S., Eds.). Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Dalnevostochnoe otdelenie Biologo-Pochvennyi Institut, Vladivostok, USSR. pp. 209-217. (in Russian) Prell, W., Niitsuma, N., Emeis, K. et al. 1989. Tectonique et sédimentation néogene sur la marge d'Oman. Résultats préliminaires du Leg 117 ODP. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Sér. II, 308, 663-669. Reimers, C.E. & Wakefield, W.W. 1989. Flocculation of siliceous detritus on the sea floor of a deep Pacific seamount. Deep-Sea Res. Part A, oceanogr. Res. Pap., 36/12, 1841-1861. A benthic layer of flocculated material, which was centimetres thick in and around biogenic sediment structures on the carbonatecovered cap of Magellan Rise (7° N, 177° W; equatorial Pacific), consisted of a meshwork of delicate and spiny forms of radiolarians including phaeodarians. Like phytodetritus, patches of degraded floc appear to be disrupted on relatively short time scales by surface deposit-feeding megafauna. This destruction is through ingestion of surface sediment particles and erasure of sediment structures serving as benthic particle maps. Rio, D., Thunell, R., Sprovieri, R., Bukry, D., Destefano, E., Howell, M., Raffi, I., Sancetta, C. & Sanfilippo, A. 1989. Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Pliocene Bianco section, Calabria, southern Italy. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 76/1-2, 85- 105. An integrated micropaleontological and geochemical study was carried out on the Pliocene-age Bianco section located in Calabria, southern Italy. This section is somewhat unique for the Pliocene of the Mediterranean region in that it contains abundant calcareous and siliceous microfossils. Based on the biostratigraphic findings, it ranges in age from approximately 3.7-3.0 Ma. The Bianco section is composed of marly mudstones intercalated with diatomites, with the diatomites being particularly common in the upper 50 m of the section (above 3.1 Ma). The diatomites contain an abundant benthic foraminiferal assemblage and have a low organic carbon content indicating that bottom waters were fairly well-oxygenated during their deposition. Faunal and floral indicators suggest a cooling of surface waters in this region at 3.1 Ma. The diatom assemblages within the Bianco diatomites are very similar to those living in the Gulf of California, suggesting an upwelling origin for these silica-rich units. A model is proposed which attributes diatomite formation to upwelling induced by climatically controlled changes in local hydrography. Roonwal, G.S. & Vijaya-Kumar, U. 1989. In-situ growth of authigenic minerals and micronodules in some pelagic sediments from the Central Pacific. J. geol. Soc. India, 34/6, 647-650. Zeolite crystals dcveloped in-situ arc noted in the siliceous ooze in the north equatorial Pacific. Micronodules with well developed initial growth lines, formed authigenically are commonly observed in the siliceous debris-rich calcareous ooze of south equatorial Pacific. Quartz and feldspars of detrital origin are also found in the sediment. Ruiz-Ortiz, P.A., Bustillo, M.A. & Molina, J.M. 1989. Radiolarite sequences of the Subbetic, Betic Cordillera, southern Spain. In: Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions. (Hein, J.R. & Obradovic, J., Eds.). Springer- Verlag, New York. pp. 107-127. The radiolarite sequence of the middle Subbetic (Betic cordillera, southern Spain) is composed of three main lithologies: radiolarite, siliceous mudstone and marl, and pelagic limestone with radiolarians. Virtually all transitional lithologies among the three
Radiolaria 14 Bibliography - 1989 listed exist. Clay minerals, calcite, and hematite make up the radiolarite impurities. Smectite, illite, and locally kaolinite are the clay minerals present, smectite always being most abundant. No radiolarite bed with more than 85% silica has been found; the total SiO2 content ranges from 61 to 85% . Frequently the compact appearance of the radiolarite results from a high carbonate content. The ratios Si/Si + Al + Fe + Ca, Si/Si + Al + Fe, and Al/Al + Fe + Mn are calculated and used to compare the beds of couplets in rhythmic sequences and to obtain the relative distance of sections from their terrigenous source. These three chemical indices do not give consistent results. Fe enrichment of radiolarite relative to siliceous mudstone is probably related to the }ow mean sedimentation rate of these sequences from the Subbetic (3.5 mm/l000 y). Pelagic settling in a basin with irregular bottom topography and with areas topographically protected from sediment input is proposed for deposition of these deposits. Productivity cycles and terrigenous dilution gave rise locally to rhythmically bedded sequences, usually composed of radiolarite-mudstone alternations. Locally, contour and distal dilute turbidity currents reworked and deposited the sediment, and gave rise to thin sequences of layered sedimentary rocks and to laminated beds. Deposition above a relatively shallow CCD is deduced, and a water depth shallower than previously thought is suggested for these deposits, which are considered as the deepest water deposits of the Betic External Zones. Saito, M. 1989. Jurassic melanges in the Taniguni area, Gifu Prefecture, Mino terrane. J. geol. Soc. Japan, 95/8, 579- 594. (in Japanese) Jurassic melanges in the Tanigumi area of the Mino terrane consist of three units, i.e. melange I, II and m Melange I includes exclusively sandstone-blocks whereas melange II is characterized by chert-, shale-, and sandstone-blocks and melange III is by greenstone-limestone-, dolostone-, chert-, shale- and sandstone blocks. Biostratigraphic data examined for blocks and matrix in the southern part of the study area show that the original lithologic succession of melange II includes the following formations, in ascending order- middle Permian chert, middle Triassic to late early Jurassic chert, early middle Jurassic shale, and late middle Jurassic mudstone and sandstone(?). Sashida, K., Igo, H., Adachi, S. & Ito, S. 1989. Radiolarian dating of the Torinosu-type limestone in the Kanto Mountains, Central Japan. Annu. Rep. Inst. Geosci., Univ. Tsukuba, 15, 54-60. The "Torinosu Limestone" crops out typically a Torinosu, Sakawa Town, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku This limestone is an important constituent of the Torinosu Group, which is one of the most classical standard lithostratigraphic units of the Upper Jurassic in Japan. It is mostly black and bituminous and yields abundant fossils of reef dwellers such as corals, stromatoporoids, algae, molluscs, brachiopods, echinoids, foraminifers and others. The geologic age of this limestone has long been thought to be Late Jurassic based mainly on hexacorals and stromatoporoids. Similar limestones are known elsewhere in the Outer Zone of the Japanese Islands and have been called collectively "Torinosu Limestone" or Torinosu type limestone. Recent studies on the age of the Torinosu Group and its equivalent of Southwest Japan using radiolarian biostratigraphy clearly showed that it ranges from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (e.g., Matsuoka and Yao, 1985; Suyari and Ishida, 1985; Yasuda, 1989). Aita and Okada (1986), Aita (1987) and Ishida (1988) also clarified the age of the Torinosu type limestone using nannofossils in Shikoku. These microfossils indicate early Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous ages. We have been engaged in the study to confirm detailed dating of the Torinosu-type limestone in the Kanto Mountains. To date, we found radiolarians in the Torinosu type limestone embedded in the Hikawa and Gozenyama Formations of the Southern Chichibu Terrane and in the Oonari and Kosode Formations of the Ogouchi Group of the Northern Shimanto Terrane. Foraminifers were also extracted together with a small amount of radiolarians from the Torinosu-type limestone interbedded in the Ishido Formation of the Sanchu Cretaceous formations (Fig. 1). We briefly describe herein these radiolarians extracted by the hydrochloric acid method and discussed their dating. Sato, T., Sashida, K. & Kasai, K. 1989. Mesozoic system in the Yamizo Mountains. Excursion Guide Book, 96th Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Japan, 31- 54. Sharma, V. & Sharma, G.K. 1989. Late Miocene to early Pliocene radiolarian biostratigraphy of Neill Island, Andaman Sea. J. geol. Soc. India, 34, 76-82. 104 species of Radiolaria are recorded from a Late Miocene- Early Pliocene sequence exposed at Neill Island. The assemblage shows presence of a few reworked radiolarian species. The radiolarian zones proposed for low latitude areas are applicable in - 39 - the present study. Two zones, viz.., Didymocyrtis penultima Zone and Stichocorys peregrina Zone, have been recognized in the sequence. Based on the study of planktonic Foraminifera of the same sequence by earlier workers, an integrated scheme of radiolarian and foraminiferal zones is presented. Shemesh, A., Mortlock, R.A. & Froelich, P.N. 1989. Late Cenozoic Ge/Si record of marine biogenic opal: implications for variations of riverine fluxes to the ocean. Paleoceanography, 4/3, 221-234. We have determined germanium/silicon ratios in purified diatoms and radiolarians from siliceous sediments in Holocene core tops, one late Pleistocene piston core, and four high-latitude DSDP sites ranging in age from Holocene to Oligocene. Low values of the ratio are consistent with global weathering regimes dominated by river silica input to the sea, while higher ratios suggest periods of enhanced hydrothermal input or reduced fluvial contribution. Shu, D. & Chen, L. 1989. Discovery of Early Cambrian Radiolaria and its significance. Sci. China, Ser. B, 32/8, 986-994. The well-preserved bivalved microfossils collected from the Lower Cambrian limestone at the Xiaoyang section in Zhenba, Shaanxi, have proved the oldest known radiolarians by means of the electron probing analysis and morphological study under the electron scanning microscope and the observation of the thin section. The present discovery has shaken the theory that Thaeodaria originated from Spumellaria. Unlike the Mesozoic and Cenozoic radiolarians that are planktonic, the Cambrian ones lived as benthos. On the basis of the chemical composition and morphological features of these radiolarians a new genus Eoconcharium and a new family Eoconchariidae are erected. Spörli, K.B., Aita, Y. & Gibson, G.W. 1989. Juxtaposition of Tethyan and non-Tethyan Mesozoic radiolarian faunas in melanges, Waipapa Terrane, North Island, New Zealand. Geology, 17/8, 753-756. Red cherts from Kawakawa Bay near Auckland have yielded Late Triassic and Early Jurassic radiolarians. The cherts occur as blocks in melanges that have a green argillite matrix containing Middle and Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian) radiolarians. The melanges mark fault zones along which the Waipapa terrane has been imbricated. Callovian-Oxfordian green argillites are also found in stratigraphic contact with overlying Kimmeridgian-Tithonian green argillites and gray terrigenous clastics. The Late Triassic and Early Jurassic Radiolaria are Tethyan, but me Middle and Late Jurassic faunas are dominantly non-Tethyan because the two sets of faunas are of lowlaatude and of high-latitude origin, respectively, or because they originated in areas of differing ocean productivity. Occurrence of both Late Triassic and Early Jurassic radiolarians in one red chert horizon indicates sedimentary reworking. Stamatakis, M., Dermitzakis, M., Economou- Amilli, A. & Magganas, A. 1989. Petrology and Diagenetic Changes in Miocene Marine Diatomaceous Deposits from Zakynthos Island, Greece. In: Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions. (Hein, J.R. & Obradovic, J., Eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York. pp. 129- 140. Stamatakis, M. & Magganas, A. 1989. Thermally Induced Silica Transformation in Pliocene Diatomaceous Layers from Aegina Island, Greece. In: Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions. (Hein, J.R. & Obradovic, J., Eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York. pp. 141-150. Suyari, K., Kuwano, Y. & Yamasaki, T. 1989. Distribution of lithofacies and geological ages in the Shimanto South Subbelt in Eastern Shikoku. J. Sci., Univ. Tokushima, 22, 33-57. (in Japanese) Takahashi, O., Hayashi, N. & Ishii, A. 1989. Radiolarian fossils from the Masutomi Group, southwestern part of the Kanto Mountains, central Japan, and their significance. J. geol. Soc. Japan, 95/12, 953-955. (in Japanese) Takahashi, O., Imai, H. & Ishii, A. 1989. Occurrence of Cretaceous radiolarians from the Otaki Group, Kanto Mountains, central Japan. J. geol. Soc. Japan, 95/6, 483-486. (in Japanese)
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