radiolaria - Marum

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Bibliography - 1992 Radiolaria 14 range between ca. 3 and 21 x 10 4 shells m -2 , values that are at one or more magnitudes lower than flux rates observed at sites in the tropical and northern high-latitude ocean. Significant lateral transport of radiolarians was documented during austral summer in the Bransfleld Strait by a factor of 10 Increase of the radiolarian flux in the lower portion of the water column and the species composition trapped in deeper waters. Radiolarian assemblages associated with pelagic and neritic environments characterized by typical Antarctic taxa (Antarctissa spp.) and a group of species with bipolar distribution (e. g. Plectacantha oikiskos, Phormacantha hystrix), respectively, are distinguished. While the signal of polycystine radiolarians is relatively well recorded in the sediments, the shells of phaeodarians, which were observed at flux rates of up to 1x10 3 shells m -2 day -1 in the upper portion of the water column, are almost completely dlssolved during settling in the water column. Abelmann, A. 1992c. Radiolarian taxa from Southern Ocean sediment traps (Atlantic sector). Polar Biol., 12, 373- 385. This study gives a first inventory of radiolarian taxa collected with sediment traps in different areas of the Southern Ocean (Drake Passage, Powell Basin and Bransfield Strait). It includes 66 taxa or taxa groups of which 46 were already described. Two previously described species groups and 20, yet undescribed, taxa are documented. The name Protocystis bicornis (Haecker) is replaced by P. spinosus as it is a later homonym of P. bicornis (Borgert). The occurrence pattern of the radiolarian taxa indicates distinct differences in the species composition between neritic environments (Bransfield Strait and Powell Basin) and pelagic, open ocean conditions (Drake Passage). Adachi, M., Kojima, S., Wakita, K., Suzuki, K. & Tanaka, T. 1992. Transect of Central Japan: from Hida to Shimanto. In: Paleozoic and Mesozoic Terranes: Basement of the Japanese Island Arcs. 29th IGC Field Trip Guide Book. (Adachi, M. & Suzuki, K., Eds.), vol. 1. Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. pp. 143-178. Afanasieva, M.S. & Vishnevskaya, V.S. 1992. A possible cause of the generation of the silica skeleton in Radiolaria. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 325/3, 590-596. (in Russian) Aguado, R., Company, M., O'Dogherty, L., Sandoval, J. & Tavera, J.M. 1992. Biostratigraphic analysis of the pelagic Barremian/Aptian in the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain): preliminary data. Cretaceous Res., 13/5-6, 445-452. The Lower Cretaceous rhythmic sequences (marls and marly limestones) of the pelagic domain in the Betic Cordillera (Subbetic Zone) provide optimal conditions for integrated biostratigraphic scales based on different fossil groups. In this paper we present a preliminary study of the stratigraphic distribution of different species of ammonites, planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils and radiolaria recorded principally in one Barremian- Aptian section in Jaen (Andalusia, southern Spain). For the ammonites, which are present only in the Barremian and probably in the lowermost Aptian, it appears reasonable to use the zonation proposed by Busnardo (1984) for SE France. Planktonic foraminifera can be differentiated in seven zones (Hedbergella sigali, Globigerinelloides blowi, Hedbergella trocoidea, Leupoldina cabri, Globigerinelloides algerianus, Planomalina cheniourensis and Ticinella bejaouaensis) for the Barremian-Aptian interval. Four interval zones (Lithraphidites bollii, Micrantholithus hoschulzii, Hayesites irregularis and Rhagodiscus angustus) can be distinguished according to the vertical distribution of the calcareous nannofossil species. Finally, two radiolarian assemblages can be identified, a lower one for the Barremian-Lower Aptian and an upper one for the Upper Aptian. Correlations between the scales used in this paper are established. Aita, Y. & Grant-Mackie, J.A. 1992. Late Jurassic Radiolaria from the Kowhai Point siltstone, Murihiku terrane, North Island, New Zealand. In: Centenary of Japanese Micropaleontology. (Ishizaki, K. & Saito, T., Eds.). Terra Scientific Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 375-382. Detailed evidence of Late Jurassic Radiolaria is presented from the Kowhai Point Siltstone in the Murihiku terrane, North Island, New Zealand. Nineteen radiolarian species including Acaeniotyle diaphorogona, Pantanellium riedeli, Pseudocrucella cf. sanfilippoae, Hsuum maxwelli, etc. are identified in an ammonite-bearing - 74 - calcareous concretion. The estimated age of this fauna is Kimmeridgian based upon recent studies of dinoflagellates and molluscs (Davey, 1987; Helby et al, 1988). The Murihiku fauna is similar in composition to coeval faunas from Tethyan, Japanese and North American sequences and shows a strong cosmopolitan affinity. A comparison of the Murihiku radiolarians with the coeval Waipapa terrane fauna of an origin in the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes (Spörli and Aita, 1988) gives significant evidence in clarifying the paleobiogeography of Mesozoic Radiolaria. Aita, Y. & Spörli, K.B. 1992. Tectonic and paleobiogeographic significance of radiolarian microfaunas in the Permian to Mesozoic basement rocks of the North Island, New Zealand. In: Significance and application of Radiolaria to terrane analysis. (Aitchison, J.C. & Murchey, B.L., Eds.), vol. 96/1-2. Special Issue: Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 103- 125. From the terranes sutured to the New Zealand Gondwana margin in mid-Cretaceous time, the Murihiku, Waipapa, Torlesse and Mata River terranes have yielded tectonically and paleogeographically significant radiolarian faunas. A late Jurassic fauna from the Murihiku forearc terrane is more cosmopolitan than coeval faunas from the Waipapa. Faunas from the terranes east of the Murihiku, which all show evidence of accretion tectonics, can be subdivided into ocean floor assemblages and assemblages of terrigenous clastic deposits. Waipapa ocean floor assemblages are typically Tethyan while the terrigenous clastic assemblages are non-Tethyan, possibly of southern hemisphere high latitude origin. Ocean floor assemblages show the same eastward younging trends, opposed to the westward sedimentological younging, due to imbrication, as do the assemblages of the terrigenous clastics, but are always a few tens of million years older. Radiolarians from ophiolites (Tangihua Volcanics and Matakaoa Volcanics) indicate that significant portions of the ocean floor obducted onto New Zealand in late Oligocene to earliest Miocene time were of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary age. Aitchison, J.C. 1992. Radiolarians from sediments of the Izu-Bonin region, Leg 126. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. (Taylor, B., Fujioka, K. et al., Eds.), vol. 126. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 321-330. Radiolarians occur at five Leg 126 sites. Well-preserved radiolarians were recovered from Miocene and Pliocene through Holocene sections. The results of this study may help to fill the informational gap on Quaternary radiolarian distribution at midlatitudes in the western Pacific. Radiolarian preservation is discontinuous, and, although present in Oligocene sections, specimens are poorly preserved. Aitchison, J.C. & Flood, P.G. 1992. Implications of radiolarian research for analysis of subduction complex terranes in the New England Orogen, NSW, Australia. In: Significance and application of Radiolaria to terrane analysis. (Aitchison, J.C. & Murchey, B.L., Eds.), vol. 96/1-2. Special Issue: Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 89-102. Radiolarians provide important age constraints on geologically complex strata in the New England Orogen of eastern Australia. Several terranes interpreted as subduction complexes were undated prior to radiolarian studies. Radiolarian faunas indicate that the Djungati terrane is significantly younger than the previously inferred Ordovician to Silurian age range. Basalt-chert successions in the Djungati terrane developed during the Silurian to Late Devonian in an environment which was far from the influence of terrigenous sedimentation. Radiolarians from tuffs within overlying arc-derived volcaniclastic sequences constrain the timing of tectonic assembly of the terrane at a convergent margin to the latest Devonian-Early Carboniferous. The extensive, but previously undated, Anaiwan terrane also contains radiolarians which indicate a latest Devonian to Early Carboniferous age for siliceous oceanic sediments. These sediments were accreted into a subduction complex. Volcaniclastic sediments within this subduction complex contain radiolarians which indicate that it developed during the Early Carboniferous. Radiolarians in the Willowie Creek beds provide the first age constraints (Late Devonian) for another lithotectonic entity, the Yugambal terrane, which is located along the eastern edge of the southern New England orogen. Many of the recently determined radiolarian ages are at variance with age estimates used to develop models for the tectonic development of the orogen. These new age data require major reappraisal of models. Detailed analysis of the
Radiolaria 14 Bibliography - 1992 geological evolution of individual terranes is required before an integrated model for the entire orogen can be developed. Aitchison, J.C., Flood, P.G. & Spiller, F.C.O. 1992. Tectonic setting and paleoenvironment of terranes in the southern New England Orogen, eastern Australia as constrained by radiolarian biostratigraphy. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 94/1-4, 31-54. Radiolarians are abundant in the Gamilaroi, Djungati and Anaiwan terranes of the New England orogen in eastern Australia. These microfossils present the first age constraints on the timing of development of hitherto undated lithologies within the various juxtaposed terranes of the orogen. They give a biostratigraphic framework for interpreting the history of marine sedimentation in these terranes and have significant implications for published tectonic models Radiolarians also show that the stratigraphically lowermost rocks or the Gamilaroi terrane are most probably of' Devonian age. Better stratigraphic resolution permits interpretation of these rocks as part of an intra-oceanic island arc succession which accreted to the eastern margin of Australia (Gondwana) around the end of the Devonian. This intra-oceanic arc is distinct from a younger, Carboniferous, superposed continental arc sequence which constitutes a successor basin that developed over the Gamilaroi terrane subsequent to its accretion to the margin of Australia. Radiolarians provide the basis for dating siliceous lithologies which dominate the Djungati terrane and permit a more detailed analysis of the history of this terrane. During the middle Silurian through Late Devonian the Djungati terrane was part of an oceanic basin which was isolated from any source of terrigenous sedimentation. The Djungati terrane was subsequently influenced by volcanic island arc activity and was tectonically disrupted during the latest Devonian to Early Carboniferous. Radiolarian age data show that age correlations inferred, on the basis of similarities in detrital sandstone petrography, between lithostratigraphic units in the Gamilaroi and Djungati terranes, are not always appropriate. Djungati terrane has been widely interpreted as a subduction complex related to the Gamilaroi terrane. Radiolarian data now elucidate much of the structural complexity of this terrane. Significant differences between the Djungati terrane and the style of well-documented subduction complexes include the close spacing of zones of radiolarian chert, the dominance of this lithology over others and the lateral extent of many of the chert horizons. The Anaiwan terrane has features which are characteristic of many well-documented subduction complexes. Radiolarians are abundant in this terrane and can be used to show that it developed along the eastern margin of Australia in response to Early Carboniferous subduction of Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous oceanic crust. Packages of chert accreted into the subduction complex are progressively younger towards the northeast indicating that subduction was directed to the southwest. Aitchison, J.C. & Murchey, B.L. (Eds) 1992. The significance and application of Radiolaria to Terrane Analysis. Special issue of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Elsevier Amsterdam. 96, 172 p. Alexandrovich, J.M. 1992. Radiolarians from Sites 794, 795, 796, and 797 (Japan Sea). In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. (Tamaki, K., Ingle, J.C.J. et al., Eds.), vol. 127-128/1. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 291-307. Japan Sea ODP Leg 127 shipboard radiolarian biostratigraphic data are compiled and improved. The sequence of biostratigraphic events determined in sediments above the opal-A/opal-CT transition is illustrated graphically with depth-depth plots. The absence of biostratigraphic indicators from the North and subtropical Pacific and differences between the compositions of the Japan Sea and Pacific radiolarian assemblages suggest that the planktonic populations of the Japan Sea have been partially isolated from the Pacific since the late Miocene. Subtropical fauna in sediments younger than ~1.8 Ma at Site 797 record the occurrence of a paleo- Tsushima current. These same fauna record larger volumes of the paleo-Tsushima current, or warmer intervals during the colder glacial climate regime at Site 794. The variability of Pleistocene assemblage composition and preservation shows that radiolarian dissolution has played a large part in determining what is preserved. Preliminary taxonomic evaluations are made, and the stratigraphic and paleoceanographic implications of radiolarian species are discussed. Amon, E.O. 1992. Some materials to the revision of Prunobrachium genus (Radiolaria, Sphaerellaria). In: - 75 - Materials on Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Western Siberia. (Podobina, V.M., Eds.). Tomsk Univ. Publisher, Tomsk. pp. 84-87. (in Russian) Amon, E.O. & Chuvasov, B.I. 1992. Early Permian radiolarian associations of the type section "Sim" of the Southern Urals. In: New data on Paleozoic stratigraphy and lithology of Urals and Middle Asia. Nauka Publisher, Ekaterinburg. pp. 96-108. (in Russian) Amon, E.O. & Korovko, A.V. 1992. First data about late Devonian radiolarian association from Rezhevskaya structural-facial zone of Eastern Middle Urals. In: New data on Paleozoic stratigraphy and lithology of Urals and Middle Asia. Nauka Publisher, Ekaterinburg. pp. 69-77. (in Russian) Anderson, O.R. & Matsuoka, A. 1992. Endocytoplasmatic microalgae and bacteroids within the central capsule of the radiolarian. Symbiosis, 12, 237-247. Micro-algae (c. 2.5 to 3.5 µm wide x3.8 to 4.5 µm long) occur abundantly within perialgal vacuoles in the intracapsular cytoplasm of the radiolarian Dyctyocoryne truncatum, a triangular-shaped, spongiose skeletal radiolarian. The fine structure of the microalgae resembles that of yellow-brown pigmented symbionts observed in larger spongiose skeletal radiolaria of the spongodrymid type. The density of microalgae in a typical ultrathin section is c. 4/100 µm 2 . Bacteroids (0.2x0.5 µm) are present throughout the intracapsular cytoplasm. There is no evidence of a vacuolar membrane enclosing the bacteroids, but each is surrounded by an electron lucent zone. The central capsule of radiolaria contains the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles and is bounded by a capsular wall. Previously, algae associated with radiolaria have been observed in the extracapsulum. The occurrence of intracapsular microalgae in D. truncatum is of interest since this indicates that the intracapsular cytoplasm, previously thought to be largely specialized for metabolism, storage of reserve substances and production of reproductive swarmers, can also be a site for host-algal interactions. Baumgartner, P.O. 1992. Lower Cretaceous radiolarian biostratigraphy and biogeography off northwestern Australian (ODP sites 765 and 766 and DSDP site 261), Argo abyssal plain and lower Exmouth Plateau. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. (Gradstein, F.M., Ludden, J.N. et al., Eds.), vol. 123. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 299-342. During Leg 123, abundant and well-preserved Neocomian radiolarians were recovered at Site 765 (Argo Abyssal Plain) and Site 766 (lower Exmouth Plateau). The assemblages are characterized by a scarcity or absence of Tethyan taxa. The Berriasian-early Aptian radiolarian record recovered at Site 765 is unique in its density of well-preserved samples and in its faunal contents. Remarkable contrasts exist between radiolarian assemblages extracted from claystones of Site 765 and reexamined DSDP Site 261, and faunas recovered from radiolarian sand layers of Site 765. Clay faunas are unusual in their low diversity of apparently ecologically tolerant species, whereas sand faunas are dominated by non-Tethyan species that have never been reported before. Comparisons with Sites 766 and 261, as well as sedimentological observations, lead to the conclusion that this faunal contrast results from a difference in provenance, rather than from hydraulic sorting. Biostratigraphic dating proved difficult principally because of the paucity or even absence of (Tethyan) species used in published zonations. In addition, published zonations are contradictory and do not reflect total ranges of species. Radiolarian assemblages recovered from claystones at Sites 765 and 261 in the Argo Basin reflect restricted oceanic conditions for the latest Jurassic to Barremian time period. Neither the sedimentary facies nor the faunal associations bear any resemblance to sediment and radiolarian facies observed in typical Tethyan sequences. I conclude that the Argo Basin was paleoceanographically separated from Tethys during the Late Jurassic and part of the Early Cretaceous by its position at a higher paleolatitude and by enclosing landmasses, i.e., northeastern India and the Shillong Block, which were adjacent to the northwestern Australian margin before the opening. Assemblages recovered from radiolarian sand layers are dominated by non-Tethyan species that are interpreted as circumantarctic. Their sudden appearance in the late Berriasian/early Valanginian pre-dates the oceanization of the Indo- Australian break-up (M11, late Valanginian) by about 5 m.y., but coincides with a sharp increase in margin-derived pelagic turbidites. The Indo-Australian rift zone and its adjacent margins probably were
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