radiolaria - Marum

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Bibliography - 1992 Radiolaria 14 older part of, the Dictyomitrella(?) kamoensis-Pantanellium foveatum assemblage zone. Nagai, H. & Zhu, S. 1992. Permian Radiolaria from the Gufeng formation of Anhui Province and the Dalong formation of the Nanjing Area, China. Bull. Nagoya Univ. Furukawa Mus., 8, 1-11. Permian radiolarians were extracted from chert samples collected in the Gufeng Formation of Anhui Province and the Dalong Formation of the Nanjing area in China. The radiolarian assemblage in the former sample includes abundant Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis Holdsworth and Jones, assignable to the Middle Permian, The latter one includes Hegleria ? sp., Octatormentum ? sp., Pseudoalbaillella sp. aff. P. longicornis Ishiga and Imoto, and Latentifistula sp cf. L patagilaterala Nazarov and Ormiston, and they are Late Permian in age. Nanayama, F. 1992. Stratigraphy and facies of the Paleocene Nakanogawa Group in the southern part of central Hokkaido, Japan. J. geol. Soc. Japan, 98/11, 1041-1059. (in Japanese) Nigrini, C. & Caulet, J.P. 1992. Late Neogene radiolarian assemblages characteristic of Indo-Pacific areas of upwelling. Micropaleontology, 38/2, 139-164. Comparison of radiolarian faunas in Late Neogene sediments from the Peru margin, the Oman margin and from beneath the Somalian gyres allowed definition of an assemblage characteristic of areas of upwelling. We describe the stratigraphic and geographic ranges of 12 previously studied and 10 new or newly described taxa. These forms fall into 3 categories: (1) endemic upwelling (14 species); (2) displaced temperate (3 species); and (3) enhanced tropical (5 species). Not all elements of the assemblage are present, or in like abundances, in each upwelling area studied, but there is sufficient matching to allow identification of the assemblage. Eight long ranging species exhibit diachronous first appearances up to 7 my older in the Oman material than in the Peru material. Nishimura, A. 1992. Paleocene radiolarian biostratigraphy in the northwest Atlantic at Site 384, Leg 43, of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Micropaleontology, 38/4, 317-362. Two zones, Bekoma campechensis and B. bidartensis Zones, were recognized and three new subzones, Peritiviator (?) dumitricai, Orbula discipulus and Stylotrochus nitidus-Pterocodon (?) poculum Subzones are newly defined based on the Paleocene samples from DSDP Site 384. A new genus and 35 new taxa are described herein. Nishimura, A.A. & Ikehara, K. 1992. Deep-Sea sediments in the southern part of the central Pacific basin (GH82-4 area). Geol. Surv. Japan, Cruise Rep., 22, 85-96. (in Japanese) During the GH82-4 Cruise, areal distribution of sediments and sedimentary history were studied in the south of the Nova-Canton Trough, central Equatorial Pacific (Fig. VI-1) in relation to the genesis of manganese nodules. A small area was selected for smallscale sampling in the eastern margin of the whole survey area (Fig. VI-2). Sampling methods of sediments and manganese nodules are as follows; double spades box corer (15 sites), piston corer (20 sites), and free-fall grab with a small sediment sampler (39 sites). Box and piston core sites are shown in Tables VI-1 and Vl-2 and in Figures VI-I and VI-2. Sediments collected by a box corer, piston corer, and free-fall grab sampler were treated in the same manner as in previous works (Nishimura, 1984 and 1986). Sediment lithology was classified according to the compositions of sediments determined on smear slides under a microscope. The framework of sediment classification is shown in Table VI-3. Age estimation of the core sequences are based on preliminary micropaleontologic analysis and a study of remnant magnetism of sediments (Yamazaki, chapter Vll of this volume). This chapter describes lithology of sediments and discusses sedimentary history concerning surface sediments and core sequences. Noble, P. 1992. Biostratigraphy of the Caballos Novaculaite-Tesnus Formation boundary, Marathon Basin, Texas. In: Significance and application of Radiolaria to terrane analysis. (Aitchison, J.C. & Murchey, B.L., Eds.), vol. 96/1-2. Special Issue: Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 141-153. The Caballos Novaculite is a radiolarian/sponge spicule chert and siliceous mudstone which represents the final episode of a 200 - 86 - Ma span of dominantly biogenous hemipelagic sedimentation in Marathon Basin. It is overlain by the Tesnus Formation, an upwardcoarsening flysch sequence produced during the Ouachita Orogeny by the collision of Laurasia and Gondwana. Detailed radiolarian biostratigraphy of the boundary between these two units has provided greater age control as to the onset of flysch deposition and provides a greater understanding of the sedimentary patterns produced in Ouachita basinal facies when switching modes of sedimentation from a passive to an active regime. Radiolarians and conodonts recovered from this interval show a hiatus equivalent to much of the Early Mississippian occurring in the vicinity of the boundary between the Caballos and Tesnus formations. In three sections, Late Mississippian (Meramecian) radiolarians overlie earliest Mississippian (early Kinderhookian) radiolarians in an apparently conformable sequence of siliceous shale. In a fourth section, Meramecian radiolarians overlie Late Devonian (Famennian) radiolarians and conodonts, separated by a conglomerate layer. These data indicate that a hiatus equivalent to the late Kinderhookian to Osagean time period is present and that local erosion into the Famennian part of the section occurred. Lithostratigraphically, this hiatus is coincident with the Caballos Novaculite-Tesnus Formation boundary in the central part of the basin, while at the western margin, it occurs 8 m above the base of the Tesnus Formation, immediately above a clastic zone containing olistoliths. Results from this investigation show that localized deposition of olistoliths occurred in the western basin margin during the Famennian (Late Devonian), followed by an interval of non-deposition in the Early Mississippian. Finally, basin-wide flysch deposition began in the Meramecian. Ogawa, Y., Ashi, J. & Fujioka, K. 1992. Vein structures and their tectonic implications for the development of the Izu-Bonin forearc, Leg 126. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. (Taylor, B., Fujioka, K. et al., Eds.), vol. 126. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 195-207. Samples with vein structures were taken from Sites 787 and 793 in the forearc basin of the Izu-Bonin island arc off Aoga Shima and Sumisu Jima, respectively, between the present volcanic front and me outer arc high. The samples were studied by thin section, Xray radiograph, and magnetometer; they are discussed with respect to the tectonic implication of the vein structures to the island-arc development. Vein structures are developed in finer, more clayey, preferentially radiolarian-bearing mudstone, subvertical to the bedding plane, which is mostly horizontal. The veins are restricted to certain horizons: in the upper Oligocene at Site 787 and in the lower Miocene at Site 793. The veins are filled with a dominant clay mineral (montmorillonite), which flowed into the vein when the fracture and concomitant stress drop occurred. Some clay mineral was deposited from the fluid that invaded the vein. Some veins might have occurred as hydraulic fractures. The shape, mode of occurrence, and other structural features indicate that the veins originated either as extension fractures or shear cleavages, and then were rotated by the following shearing parallel to the bedding. Sometimes the bedding-parallel slip planes are dislocated by the veins, and sometimes vice versa. This suggests that the vein formation and bedding parallel slip alternately occurred within the same stress environment. Vein attitude was measured by a magnetometer, after alternating field demagnetization; we interpret that they originally formed as subvertical planes, the trends of which average to N45W. The quantity of samples studied was small, but the trends suggest that the stress field for veining might have had a relative extensional stress axis mat lay subhorizontally and trended generally northeast. This stress orientation might be attributed to either bending or normal faulting in the forearc basin, at a time when the arc trended northwest. Ogawa, Y., Nishiyama, T., Obata, M., Nishi, T., Miyazaki, K., Ikeda, T., Yoshimura, Y. & Nagakawa, K. 1992. Continental margin tectonics in Kyushu, southwest Japan- Mesozoic paired metamorphic belts and accretionary complexes. In: Paleozoic and Mesozoic Terranes: Basement of the Japanese Island Arcs. 29th IGC Field Trip Guide Book. (Adachi, M. & Suzuki, K., Eds.), vol. 1. Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. pp. 261- 315. Ogg, J.G., Karl, S.M. & Behl, R.J. 1992. Jurassic through Early Cretaceous sedimentation history of the central equatorial Pacific and of Sites 800 and 801. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. (Larsen, R.L., Lancelot, Y. et al., Eds.), vol. 129. College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), pp. 571-613. Sedimentation in the central Pacific during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous was dominated by abundant biogenic silica. A
Radiolaria 14 Bibliography - 1992 synthesis of the stratigraphy, lithology, petrology, and geochemistry of the radiolarites in Sites 801 and 800 documents the sedimentation processes and trends in the equatorial central Pacific from the Middle Jurassic through the Early Cretaceous. Paleolatitude and paleodepth reconstructions enable comparisons with previous DSDP sites and identification of the general patterns of sedimentation over a wide region of the Pacific. Clayey radiolarites dominated sedimentation on Pacific oceanic crust within tropical paleolatitudes from at least the latest Bathonian through Tithonian. Radiolarian productivity rose to a peak within 5° of the paleoequator. where accumulation rates of biogenic silica exceeded lOOOg/cm 2 /m.y. Wavy-bedded radiolarian cherts developed in the upper Tithonian at Site 801 coinciding with the proximity of this site to the paleoequator. Ribbon-bedding of some radiolarian cherts exposed on Pacific margins may have formed from silicification of radiolarite deposited near the equatorial highproductivity zone where radiolarian/clay ratios were high. Silicification processes in sediments extensively mixed by bioturbation or enriched in clay or carbonate generally resulted in discontinuous bands or nodules of porcellanite or chert, e.g., a "knobby" radiolarite. Ribbon-bedded cherts require primary alternations of radiolarian-rich and clay-rich layers as an initial structural template, coupled with abundant biogenic silica in both layers. During diagenesis, migration of silica from clay-rich layers leaves radiolarian "ghosts" or voids, and the precipitation in adjacent radiolarite layers results in silicification of the interradiolarian matrix and infilling of radiolarian tests. Alternations of claystone and clay-rich radiolarian grainstone were deposited during the Callovian at Site 801 and during the Berriasian-Valanginian at Site 800, but did not silicify to form bedded chert. Carbonate was not preserved on the Pacific oceanic floor or spreading ridges during the Jurassic, perhaps due to an elevated level of dissolved carbon dioxide. During the Berriasian through Hauterivian, the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) descended to approximately 3500 m, permitting the accumulation of siliceous limestones at near-ridge sites. Carbonate accumuiation rates exceeded 1500 g/cm 2 /m.y. at sites above the CCD, yet there is no evidence of an equatorial carbonate bulge during the Early Cretaceous. In the Barremian and Aptian, the CCD rose, coincident with the onset of mid-plate volcanic activity. Abundance of Fe and Mn and the associated formation of authigenic Fe-smectite clays was a function of proximity to the spreading ridges, with secondary enrichments occurring during episodes of spreading-center reorganizations. Callovian radiolarite at Site 801 is anomalously depleted in Mn, which resulted either from inhibited precipitation of Mn-oxides by lower pH of interstitial waters induced by high dissolved oceanic CO2 levels or from diagenetic mobilization of Mn. Influx of terrigenous (eolian) clay apparently changed with paleolatitude and geological age. Cyclic variations in productivity of radiolarians and of nannofossils and in the influx of terrigenous clay are attributed to Milankovitch climatic cycles of precession (20,000 yr) and eccentricity ( 100,000 yr). Diagenetic redistribution of biogenic silica and carbonate enhanced the expression of this cyclic sedimentation. Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments were deposited under oxygenated bottom-water conditions at all depths, accompanied by bioturbation and pervasive oxidation of organic carbon and metals. Despite the more "equable" climate conditions of the Mesozoic, the super-ocean of the Pacific experienced adequate deep-water circulation to prevent stagnation. Efficient nutrient recycling may have been a factor in the abundance of radiolarians in this ocean basin. Okamura, M. 1992. Cretaceous Radiolaria from Shikoku, Japan (Part 1). Mem. Fac. Sci., Kochi Univ., Series E (Geology), 13, 21-164. The biostratigraphic distribution of Early to Late Cretaceous radiolarians from eight sections in Shikoku, Japan, interpreted as belonging to any of the parts of the Cretaceous arc-trench system, is investigated and the stratigraphic range of each selected radiolarian species is determined. Employing eight radiolarian biohorizons set up on the base of the first and last occurrences of a given species, two sequences of upper Valanginian to Campanian strata are biostratigraphically divided into eight zones. These zones are, in ascending order: Acanthocircus dicranacanthos Zone, Sethocapsa uterculus Zone, Archaeodictyomitra lacrimula Zone, Pseudodictyomirta pseodomacrocephala morphotype C Zone, Holocryptocanium geysersensis Zone, Hemicryptocapsa polyhedra- Pyramispongia glascockensis Zone, Pseudoaulophacus pargueraensis Zone and Archaeospongoprunum salumi Zone. The Cretaceous Shikoku sequence among constructed through composite sequences at eight areas, which is correlated with the Yokonami chert and Shimantogawa turbidite, is attempted mainly by means of these datum levels and zonation herein proposed. - 87 - Correlation among intra-arc, fore-arc, trench and abyssal basin prove that radiolarians provide a valuable bases for constructing a biostratigraphic framework in the ancient arc-trench system. Additionary, comparisons of the proposed zonation with those of other fossil groups such as foraminifera, inocerami and ammonite from the Matsuyama, Monobe and Shimantogawa turbidite sequences provides important clues to the age assignment of the radiolarian zones. Furthermore, Cretaceous oceanic plate stratigraphy is reconstructed based on chronology established by radiolarian biostratigraphy. Osozawa, S. 1992. Double ridge subduction recorded in the Shimanto accretionary complex, Japan, and plate reconstruction. Geology, 20/10, 939-942. Combining a quantitative model relating ridge subduction and radiolarian biostratigraphical data from the Shimanto belt including accreted midocean ridge basalt, the plate configuration for the western North Pacific since 83 Ma can be reconstructed. The Kula- North New Guinea and North New Guinea-Pacific ridges passed along the Japan arc. Assuming a constant plate motion, the half-spreading rates, angles at which ridges entered the trench, convergent rates and angles, and migration rates of triple junctions can be calculated. Otsuka, T., Kajima, M. & Hori, R. 1992. The Batinah Olistostrome of the Oman Mountains and Mesozoic radiolarians. In: Proceedings of the Third Radiolarian Symposium. (Sakai, T. & Aita, Y., Eds.), vol. 8. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, special Volume, Osaka. pp. 21- 34. (in Japanese) The Samail Ophiolite in the Oman Mountains is overlain by early Late Cretaceous supra-ophiolite sediments. The sediments are composed of the Suhaylah Formation, Zabyat Formation and Batinah Olistostrome in ascending order. The Batinah Olistostrome contains various size of olistoliths of serpentinite, basalt, limestone, chert and quartzite. Middle Triassic to early Late Cretaceous radiolarians are obtained mainly from chert olistoliths. Some olistoliths are correlated with the Samail Ophiolite and the Hawasina Series on the basis of their lithology and age. It is inferred that the Batinah Olistostrome was derived from the Samail and the Hawasina nappes in the west where they had formed a topographic high in the emplacement. Ozvoldová, L. 1992. The discovery of a Callovian radiolarian association in the Upper Posidonia Beds of the Pieniny succession of the Klippen Belt (Western Carpathians). Geologica carpath., 43/2, 111-122. The first contribution dealing with the study of Middle Jurassic radiolarians in the Western Carpathians presents the composition of radiolarian associations in the Upper Posidonia beds of the Pieniny succession (s.1.) in the Klippen Belt at Trstená in Orava. The assemblages have been assigned to the Lower to Middle Callovian. For comparison, the composition of an assemblage from the overlying radiolarite horizon of Upper Callovian to Upper Oxfordian age has been included. Ozvoldová, L. & Petercáková, M. 1992. Hauterivian radiolarian association from the Luckovska Formation, Manin Unit (Mt. Butkov, western Carpathians). Geologica carpath., 43/5, 313-324. The paper deals with the occurrence of a rich radiolarian microfauna in the limestones of the Lúckovská Formation of the Manín Unit (Mt. Butkov, Strázovské vrchy Mts., Central Western Carpathians). 36 taxa of radiolarians and four new species - ?Acaeniotyle florea n. sp, Cyclastrum decorum n. sp, Orbiculiforma trispinosa n. sp. and Paronaella trifoliacea n. sp. have been identified in prospecting gallery St-02-38 m. The associations found represent the stratigraphical range of Uppermost Valanginian - Hauterivian. Findings of tintinnids and ammonites (Vasícek & Michalík 1986; Borza et al. 1987; Michalík et al. 1990) in this formation prove Barremian age. However, the calcareous microfauna and calcareous nannoplankton found in prospecting gallery St-02-38 m does not determine the exact age. The older age of radiolarian associations can be explained here either by intraclasts of underlying rocks (Michalík et al. 1990) or by the assignation of the part of the Lúckovská Formation to Hauterivian in this prospecting gallery. Pessagno, E.A. & Mizutani, S. 1992. Radiolarian biozones of North America and Japan. In: The Jurassic of the Circum-Pacific. (Westerman, G.E.G., Eds.). Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 293-295 and 578-585. The correlation chart presented herein (Figure 14.1) was compiled through a critical examination of published and unpublished
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