Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

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Performance Testing of EquipmentDue to the number of possible maintenance issues, performance testing should be done tomonitor the condition of spray equipment on a regular basis, considering numerous factors.Application-specific analysis or measurements. The dust content of the air should besurveyed and checked either visually, to determine the effectiveness of the spray atremoving dust, or by using dust monitoring equipment that measures dust content in air.Visual inspection consists of simply observing the dust-producing area to determine if thespray system is effectively controlling the dust condition. Because this method ofmonitoring does not quantify the dust loading and is subject to operator interpretation, itdoes not specifically measure the efficiency of the spray system. Dust particlemonitoring equipment is available that will quantify the dust loading in the problem areaand provide a more accurate assessment of the system efficiency.Flow rate. The eye cannot necessarily detect increased flow, so the flow rate of eachnozzle should be checked periodically by reading the flow meter or collecting the sprayin a container. The results should be compared to specifications or to the performance ofnew nozzles.Spray pressure. Pressure in the nozzle manifold should be checked using a properlycalibrated pressure gauge.Spray pattern. In many instances visual inspection is adequate for monitoring patternuniformity. Changes caused by orifice damage, clogging, or caking are usuallynoticeable. However, to detect gradual orifice wear, special measuring equipment will berequired. A flow meter may be used to compare the flow of a new nozzle at a specificliquid pressure to the flow of a used nozzle at the same pressure. Nozzle wear causes theflow to increase so the flow meter reading is a quantifiable indicator of the degree oforifice wear.Nozzle alignment. To provide uniform coverage, nozzles should be oriented correctly inrelation to one another so that all like patterns are parallel.REFERENCESBartell W, Jett B [2005]. The technology of spraying for dust suppression. Cement Americas,May/June pp. 32–37.Blazek CF [2003]. The role of chemicals in controlling coal dust emissions. Presented at theAmerican Coal Council PRB Coal Use: Risk Management Strategies and Tactics Course.Dearborn, Michigan, June 2003.NIOSH [2003]. Handbook for dust control in mining. By Kissell FN. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH Information Circular 9465,DHHS, (NIOSH) Publication No. 2003–147.Wet Spray Systems 75
NDT Educational Resource Center, Iowa State University. [http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/PenetrantTest/PTMaterials/surfaceenergy.html].Date accessed: February 13, 2009.Rocha E [2005a]. PowerPoint presentation slide # 30 presented by E. Rocha, General Manager,Spraying Systems do Brasil Ltda. Spray Technology Workshop for Pollution Control atSpraying Systems do Brasil Ltda, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.Rocha E [2005b]. PowerPoint presentation slide # 43 presented by E. Rocha, General Manager,Spraying Systems do Brasil Ltda. Spray Technology Workshop for Pollution Control atSpraying Systems do Brasil Ltda, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.Rocha E [2005c]. PowerPoint presentation slide # 75 presented by E. Rocha, General Manager,Spraying Systems do Brasil Ltda. Spray Technology Workshop for Pollution Control atSpraying Systems do Brasil Ltda, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.Schick R [2006]. Spray technology reference guide—understanding drop size.[http://www.spray.com].SSCO (Spraying Systems Co. Catalog 70). Industrial spray products. [http://www.spray.com].SSCO (Spraying Systems Co.) 2006. A guide to safe and effective tank cleaning.[http://www.spray.com].SSCO (Spraying Systems Co.) 2003. Spray optimization handbook TM–410.[http://www.spray.com].Swinderman RT, Goldbeck LJ, Marti AD [2002]. Foundations 3: the practical resource for totaldust & material control. Neponset, Illinois: Martin Engineering.USBM [1987]. Dust control handbook for mineral processing. U.S. Department of the Interior,Bureau of Mines. Contract No. J0235005. NTIS No. PB88–159108.[http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/silicacrystalline/dust/dust_control_handbook.html]. Date accessed:December 13, 2008.76 Wet Spray Systems
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Report of Investigations 9689Dust C
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DUSTCOLLECTION SYST
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Minimizing Field Fits and Welds ...
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Recommendations for Proper Wet Dril
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILLING 50
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Effective Filtration ..............
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ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1.1. Relationsh
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Figure 3.2. The air and water flow
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Figure 9.5. Problem created by heat
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UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONSUSED I
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Robert J. Franta, Quotation Enginee
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silica. Quartz is the most common s
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DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
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CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OFDUST COLL
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The shape of particles affects how
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EXHAUST SYSTEMS DESIGNAll exhaust s
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stripping, which allows workers to
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When using the air quantities in Ta
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X = distance in feet from the face
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Checklist for Hood EffectivenessThe
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A major disadvantage of the high-ve
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A common misconception when designi
Page 54 and 55: Avoiding Mitered Elbows Greater Tha
Page 56 and 57: Figure 1.13. Depiction of the horiz
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1.14. Typical design of grav
Page 60 and 61: Baghouse CollectorsBaghouse dust co
Page 62 and 63: Table 1.2. Emission factors for cru
Page 64 and 65: Figure 1.17. Typical design of a me
Page 66 and 67: Reverse Jet (Pulse Jet) CollectorsR
Page 68 and 69: Figure 1.20. Cartridge collector wi
Page 70 and 71: Wet scrubbers are particularly adva
Page 72 and 73: Electrostatic precipitators normall
Page 74 and 75: may be related to specific applicat
Page 76 and 77: times. When considering the depth o
Page 78 and 79: Figure 1.25. Demonstration of how a
Page 80 and 81: Figure 1.26. A typical fan performa
Page 82 and 83: Fan TypesThere are two basic types
Page 84 and 85: Figure 1.30. Typical centrifugal fa
Page 86 and 87: Figure 1.32. Typical roof ventilato
Page 89 and 90: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 91 and 92: The vast majority of dust particles
Page 93 and 94: Table 2.1. Particle/droplet size in
Page 95 and 96: Air Atomizing NozzlesAir atomizing
Page 97 and 98: Hydraulic Flat Fan NozzlesFigure 2.
Page 99 and 100: for dust knockdown or suppression,
Page 101 and 102: Nozzle MaintenanceFigure 2.14. Typi
Page 103: Accidental DamageInadvertent harm t
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Page 109 and 110: contains a piston which delivers ha
Page 111 and 112: produce an increase in the penetrat
Page 113 and 114: Dry DrillingDry drilling is accompl
Page 115 and 116: Circular ShroudIn contrast to the u
Page 117 and 118: The collector airflow has a more su
Page 119 and 120: Air-Blocking ShelfThe air-blocking
Page 121 and 122: dust emissions from mast lowering,
Page 123 and 124: This simple procedure of creating a
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3.15. Air ring seal used to
Page 127 and 128: Figure 3.17. Illustrations showing
Page 129 and 130: unsubstantiated due to the inconsis
Page 131 and 132: safety considerations may preclude
Page 133 and 134: Figure 3.22. A filtration unit, loc
Page 135 and 136: Miller S, Emerick JC, Vogely WA [19
Page 137 and 138: USBM [1995]. The reduction of airbo
Page 139 and 140: 110 Drilling and BlastingDUST CONTR
Page 141 and 142: Wet Control MethodsPREVENTION AND S
Page 143 and 144: Figure 4.2. Examples of compressive
Page 145 and 146: Figure 4.5. Illustration of a dry (
Page 147 and 148: Figure 4.6. Illustration of a dry (
Page 149 and 150: Wet dust control methods for crushi
Page 151 and 152: Work Practices to Minimize Dust Exp
Page 153 and 154: Some specialty grinding operations
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should be frequently inspected for
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Open screen decks slowly to allow i
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CHAPTER 5: CONVEYING AND TRANSPORTT
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Figure 5.3. Basic depiction of mate
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that the material falls before land
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Figure 5.10. Skirtboard used within
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CarrybackMaterial that sticks or cl
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CONVEYOR DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE ISS
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Figure 5.15. Conveyor transfer encl
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High-volume, high-pressure sprays s
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Figure 5.19. Depiction of a bucket
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Figure 5.21. Depiction of two types
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Figure 5.25. Venturi eductor utiliz
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CHAPTER 6: BAGGINGThis chapter disc
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caused during manufacturing, includ
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Overall PerforationsThe use of over
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Figure 6.5. Open-top bag being load
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Bagging operators should be aware t
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Figure 6.8. Exhaust hood to capture
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In the original design, a single no
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The OASIS is a relatively simple de
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Figure 6.13. Bag storage shelves sh
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Figure 6.14. Bag and belt cleaner d
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other industrial application using
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The robotic arm automatic palletize
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For many years, this plastic wrappi
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warehouse location until a later ti
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used successfully to perform this c
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CHAPTER 7: BULK LOADINGDuring the b
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Figure 7.2. Loading spout discharge
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Cascading Loading SpoutFigure 7.5 i
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a seal at the entry and exit points
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REFERENCESBiere G, Swinderman RT, M
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200 Bulk LoadingDUST CONTROL HANDBO
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many years, as well as some new and
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Figure 8.2. Air spray manifold desi
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Figure 8.3. Test subject wearing po
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Spills of product material are a co
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epetitive dust leaks should not sim
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Effective Upward Airflow PatternThe
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Figure 8.8. Open-structure design c
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manually removing the bags and plac
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Figure 8.12. Increase in worker’s
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In other cases, an operation may wa
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Cecala AB, O'Brien AD, Pollock DE,
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224 Controls for Secondary SourcesD
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where C o = outside respirable dust
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minimal improvement in the cab's ai
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FILTRATION/PRES
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Effective FiltrationFigure 9.4. Res
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average decay times were between 16
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Figure 9.6. Filtration unit showing
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This table highlights a number of c
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NIOSH [2001b]. Technology news 486:
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upon the wind velocity (or disturba
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Maximum size is the largest particl
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Figure 10.4. Use of end-dumping wit
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conditions. Performance of each of
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A water truck, used to apply water
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Surfactants work by reducing the su
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which differed for the various site
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Figure 10.9. Self-tarping dump truc
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percent [Fryrear and Skidmore 1985]
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Figure 10.12. The armoring process
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A current method of stockpile forma
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Figure 10.15. Demonstration of how
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Chekan GJ, Cecala AB, Colinet JF [2
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Midwest Research Institute [1981].
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GLOSSARYAbrader. An implement used
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Carryback. Material that sticks or
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End-dumping. A process of spreading
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Open structure building design. A p
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Table bushing. A bushing used to se
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Delivering on the Nation’s promis
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