Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

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Open structure building design. A processing structure or building designed without exteriorsolid walls in an effort to lower respirable dust and noise levels.Overhead Air Supply Island System (OASIS). A filtration system located over a worker at astationary position to filter dust-laden air from the work environment and deliver a cleanenvelope of air down over the worker.Palletizing. In the mineral processing industry, when bags of product, normally ranging inweight between 50 and 100 lbs, are loaded onto a pallet for shipment to customers.Percussion drilling. Rock penetration through rotation and down pressure with a pneumatic drill,which contains a piston that delivers hammer blows to the drill column or the drill bit.Pitot tube. A pressure-measuring instrument normally made out of two concentric metal tubesthat can be used in conjunction with a manometer to measure the static pressure (SP), totalpressure (TP), and velocity pressure (VP) due to airflow in the duct.Protection factor. A comparison of outside versus inside dust concentrations.Push-pull ventilation system. The technique of using an air jet (blowing system) directedtowards a dust source and receiving hood (exhaust system) to capture and move dust-laden airinto the hood.Respirable dust. A fraction of airborne dust intended to represent those particles likely to bedeposited in the alveolar region of the lungs when inhaled. The collection efficiency of arespirable dust sampler varies by aerodynamic diameter of the particles—to demonstrate, onlyabout 1 percent of 10-micrometer particles (but nearly 100 percent of particles less than 1micrometer) are collected.Reverse air collector. In dust collection systems, a type of collector, that uses a travelingmanifold to distribute low-pressure cleaning air to the filter bags for reconditioning.Reverse jet collector. In dust collection systems, a type of collector that uses timed blasts ofcompressed air for filter bag reconditioning. Also called a pulse jet collector.Roof ventilators. Either axial or centrifugal fans placed on the roof of a building and used to pullair out of the structure and discharge it into the atmosphere."Rooster tail." Product spewing from the fill nozzle and bag valve as the bag is ejected from thebag filling machine.Rotary drilling. Penetration through rock by a combination of rotation and high down pressureson a column of drill pipe with a roller drill bit attached to its end.Saltation. The movement of particles (usually soil or sand) in a jumping or bouncing motioncaused by the wind.Scarify. To break up or loosen the ground surface.Glossary 281
Semi-autogenous. Size reduction of materials accomplished by impact and compressive grindingof the material by large units of the material itself, with the use of balls or rods to provideadditional crushing force.Silicosis. A progressive and incurable lung disease that belongs to a group of lung disorderscalled the pneumoconioses. Silicosis is caused by repeated inhalation of respirable crystallinesilica (e.g., quartz) dust.Skirting. On conveyors, a horizontal extension of the loading chute used to contain ore and dustwithin the transfer point. On loading spouts, strips of belting or fabric installed on the spoutdischarge end, creating a physical seal with the product pile to reduce dust liberated during bulkloading.Spoon. When material is being conveyed, a curved plate that helps steer the material in thedesired direction.Spray tower scrubber. A type of scrubber that employs water, which falls counter-currentthrough a rising dust-laden air stream, to remove dust particles.Spreader box. An implement used in road construction to spread road material (typically gravelor sand) in a uniform layer. The implement, commonly in the shape of a box, is situated behindan end-dump truck with material from the truck dumped into the box for spreading into theuniform layer.Static pressure (SP). In ventilation systems, a measure of the pressure in a ventilation ductrelative to the atmospheric pressure. Static pressure can be either a positive or negative value.Static pressure summed together with velocity pressure (VP) provides the total pressure (TP) fora duct in a ventilation system.Stoper drill. A drill used in underground mining to drill vertical holes overhead.Sub. A short length (usually 2–3 ft) of drill collar assembly, made of the same drill steelmaterial, which is placed between the drill bit and the drill steel.Subbase. In road construction, the layer between the subgrade and the wearing surface.Subgrade. In road construction, the underlying soil or rock that serves as the foundation for theroad.Surface loading. In dust collection systems, a method of collecting particulate on the surface of afabric.Surface roughness. In wind erosion, a qualitative measure of the roughness of a ground surface.The higher the surface roughness, the more wind erosion is inhibited.Surfactants. Substances that, when dissolved in water, lower the surface tension of the water,allowing the water to "wet" the dust more easily.282 Glossary
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Report of Investigations 9689Dust C
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DUSTCOLLECTION SYST
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Minimizing Field Fits and Welds ...
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Recommendations for Proper Wet Dril
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILLING 50
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Effective Filtration ..............
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ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1.1. Relationsh
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Figure 3.2. The air and water flow
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Figure 9.5. Problem created by heat
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UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONSUSED I
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Robert J. Franta, Quotation Enginee
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silica. Quartz is the most common s
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DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
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CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OFDUST COLL
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The shape of particles affects how
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EXHAUST SYSTEMS DESIGNAll exhaust s
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stripping, which allows workers to
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When using the air quantities in Ta
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X = distance in feet from the face
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Checklist for Hood EffectivenessThe
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A major disadvantage of the high-ve
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A common misconception when designi
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Avoiding Mitered Elbows Greater Tha
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Figure 1.13. Depiction of the horiz
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Figure 1.14. Typical design of grav
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Baghouse CollectorsBaghouse dust co
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Table 1.2. Emission factors for cru
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Figure 1.17. Typical design of a me
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Reverse Jet (Pulse Jet) CollectorsR
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Figure 1.20. Cartridge collector wi
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Wet scrubbers are particularly adva
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Electrostatic precipitators normall
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may be related to specific applicat
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times. When considering the depth o
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Figure 1.25. Demonstration of how a
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Figure 1.26. A typical fan performa
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Fan TypesThere are two basic types
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Figure 1.30. Typical centrifugal fa
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Figure 1.32. Typical roof ventilato
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The vast majority of dust particles
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Table 2.1. Particle/droplet size in
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Air Atomizing NozzlesAir atomizing
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Hydraulic Flat Fan NozzlesFigure 2.
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for dust knockdown or suppression,
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Nozzle MaintenanceFigure 2.14. Typi
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Accidental DamageInadvertent harm t
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NDT Educational Resource Center, Io
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78 Wet Spray SystemsDUST CONTROL HA
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contains a piston which delivers ha
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produce an increase in the penetrat
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Dry DrillingDry drilling is accompl
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Circular ShroudIn contrast to the u
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The collector airflow has a more su
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Air-Blocking ShelfThe air-blocking
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dust emissions from mast lowering,
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This simple procedure of creating a
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Figure 3.15. Air ring seal used to
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Figure 3.17. Illustrations showing
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unsubstantiated due to the inconsis
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safety considerations may preclude
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Figure 3.22. A filtration unit, loc
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Miller S, Emerick JC, Vogely WA [19
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USBM [1995]. The reduction of airbo
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110 Drilling and BlastingDUST CONTR
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Wet Control MethodsPREVENTION AND S
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Figure 4.2. Examples of compressive
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Figure 4.5. Illustration of a dry (
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Figure 4.6. Illustration of a dry (
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Wet dust control methods for crushi
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Work Practices to Minimize Dust Exp
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Some specialty grinding operations
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should be frequently inspected for
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Open screen decks slowly to allow i
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CHAPTER 5: CONVEYING AND TRANSPORTT
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Figure 5.3. Basic depiction of mate
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that the material falls before land
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Figure 5.10. Skirtboard used within
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CarrybackMaterial that sticks or cl
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CONVEYOR DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE ISS
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Figure 5.15. Conveyor transfer encl
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High-volume, high-pressure sprays s
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Figure 5.19. Depiction of a bucket
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Figure 5.21. Depiction of two types
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Figure 5.25. Venturi eductor utiliz
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CHAPTER 6: BAGGINGThis chapter disc
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caused during manufacturing, includ
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Overall PerforationsThe use of over
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Figure 6.5. Open-top bag being load
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Bagging operators should be aware t
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Figure 6.8. Exhaust hood to capture
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In the original design, a single no
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The OASIS is a relatively simple de
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Figure 6.13. Bag storage shelves sh
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Figure 6.14. Bag and belt cleaner d
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other industrial application using
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The robotic arm automatic palletize
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For many years, this plastic wrappi
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warehouse location until a later ti
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used successfully to perform this c
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CHAPTER 7: BULK LOADINGDuring the b
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Figure 7.2. Loading spout discharge
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Cascading Loading SpoutFigure 7.5 i
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a seal at the entry and exit points
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REFERENCESBiere G, Swinderman RT, M
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200 Bulk LoadingDUST CONTROL HANDBO
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many years, as well as some new and
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Figure 8.2. Air spray manifold desi
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Figure 8.3. Test subject wearing po
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Spills of product material are a co
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epetitive dust leaks should not sim
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Effective Upward Airflow PatternThe
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Figure 8.8. Open-structure design c
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manually removing the bags and plac
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Figure 8.12. Increase in worker’s
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In other cases, an operation may wa
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Cecala AB, O'Brien AD, Pollock DE,
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224 Controls for Secondary SourcesD
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where C o = outside respirable dust
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minimal improvement in the cab's ai
Page 259 and 260: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FILTRATION/PRES
Page 261 and 262: Effective FiltrationFigure 9.4. Res
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Page 265 and 266: Figure 9.6. Filtration unit showing
Page 267 and 268: This table highlights a number of c
Page 269 and 270: NIOSH [2001b]. Technology news 486:
Page 271 and 272: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 273 and 274: upon the wind velocity (or disturba
Page 275 and 276: Maximum size is the largest particl
Page 277 and 278: Figure 10.4. Use of end-dumping wit
Page 279 and 280: conditions. Performance of each of
Page 281 and 282: A water truck, used to apply water
Page 283 and 284: Surfactants work by reducing the su
Page 285 and 286: which differed for the various site
Page 287 and 288: Figure 10.9. Self-tarping dump truc
Page 289 and 290: percent [Fryrear and Skidmore 1985]
Page 291 and 292: Figure 10.12. The armoring process
Page 293 and 294: A current method of stockpile forma
Page 295 and 296: Figure 10.15. Demonstration of how
Page 297 and 298: Chekan GJ, Cecala AB, Colinet JF [2
Page 299 and 300: Midwest Research Institute [1981].
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Page 304 and 305: GLOSSARYAbrader. An implement used
Page 306 and 307: Carryback. Material that sticks or
Page 308 and 309: End-dumping. A process of spreading
Page 312 and 313: Table bushing. A bushing used to se
Page 314: Delivering on the Nation’s promis
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