Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

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GLOSSARYAbrader. An implement used to scrape or scratch a surface.Accelerated silicosis. A form of silicosis resulting from exposure to high concentrations ofcrystalline silica and developing 5–10 years after the initial exposure. While accelerated silicosispresents with the nodular characteristics that typify chronic silicosis, accelerated silicosisdevelops only 5–10 years after the initial exposure and generally progresses more rapidly thanchronic silicosis.Access road. A road that is generally used for utility or maintenance purposes. This is usually asecondary road, which is smaller in design than a haul road. An access road is not normally usedfor moving ore to and from the pit and crusher locations.Acute silicosis. A form of silicosis resulting from exposure to unusually high concentrations ofrespirable crystalline silica dust. Symptoms develop within only a few weeks to 4–5 years afterthe initial exposure. In contrast to the more common nodular forms of silicosis, acute silicosisinvolves a flooding of the alveolar region of the lungs with abnormal fluid containing fats andproteins, which gives rise to an alternative term for the disease—silicoproteinosis. Acutesilicosis is uniformly fatal, often within several months of diagnosis.3Aerodynamic diameter. The diameter of a spherical particle that has a density of 1,000 kg/m(the standard density of a water droplet) and the same settling velocity as that of the particle inquestion. Although particles have irregular shapes, this is an expression of a given particle'sbehavior as if it were a perfect sphere.Agglomeration. The act or process of gathering into a mass. Using wet spray systems, the intentis to have the droplets collide with the dust particles and agglomerate, causing them to fall fromthe air.Air atomizing. Mixing compressed air with a liquid to break up the liquid into a controlleddroplet size.Airborne dust prevention. Dust control measures taken to prevent dust from becoming airborne.Airborne dust suppression. Dust control measures taken to knock down dust already airborne byspraying water into the dust cloud and causing the particles to collide, agglomerate, and fall fromthe air.Air quantity. The amount of air used in ventilating a process, which is a combination of the airvelocity or speed and the area of the duct, measured in cubic feet of air per minute (cfm).Air to cloth ratio. In dust collection systems, a measure of the volume of gas per minute per unitarea of the bag collecting dust.Glossary 275
Air velocity. The speed of air travelling in an area or duct measured in feet per minute (ft/min).Annulus. The open area of the drill hole between the drill steel and the wall of the drill hole.Armoring. A process used in wind erosion where large particles are left behind as smallerparticles erode. The large particles then act as an erosion barrier, preventing further winderosion. Articulated loading spout positioner. A mechanical device that transfers product to a loading spout, while also providing the capability of moving the loading spout from side-to-side as wellas forward-and-back to ensure proper positioning of the spout discharge.Atomization. The process of breaking up a liquid stream into droplets.Autogenous grinding. Size reduction of materials accomplished by impact and compressive grinding of the material by large units of the material itself—i.e., no balls or rods are employed.Axial-flow fan. A fan that moves air in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotation of the fan. Axial-flow fans types include propeller, tubeaxial, vaneaxial, and two-stage axial-flow. Back-flushing. The action of reversing the flow of air in a system to remove contaminants from a filter.Bagging. Loading of product into some type of bag to be shipped/delivered to customers.Baghouse collector. In dust collection systems, a type of collector that captures the particulate in a gas stream by forcing the gas through filter bags.Bag perforations. Vent holes integrated into bags of product to allow air to escape rapidly and to reduce bag failures (e.g., rupturing or exploding).Bag valve. Sleeve placed inside 50- to 100-lb product bags to allow for the insertion of the fill nozzle during bag loading and the sealing of the bag when loading is completed.Bailing airflow. Compressed air blown down the drill stem through the bit in order to flush the cuttings out of the hole.Blowback. Product spewing out from the bag valve during bag filling.Bonding strength. The ability of the material to adhere to itself and to the material to which it is applied.Capture velocity. A measure of the required airflow necessary to seize dust released at a source and then pull this dust-laden air into a (capturing) hood. Capture velocity is measured in feet per minute (ft/min).Capturing hood. A hood positioned as close to a dust source as possible to capture the dust-laden air and pull it into an exhaust ventilation system.276 Glossary
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Report of Investigations 9689Dust C
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DUSTCOLLECTION SYST
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Minimizing Field Fits and Welds ...
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Recommendations for Proper Wet Dril
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILLING 50
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Effective Filtration ..............
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ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1.1. Relationsh
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Figure 3.2. The air and water flow
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Figure 9.5. Problem created by heat
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UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONSUSED I
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Robert J. Franta, Quotation Enginee
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silica. Quartz is the most common s
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DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
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CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OFDUST COLL
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The shape of particles affects how
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EXHAUST SYSTEMS DESIGNAll exhaust s
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stripping, which allows workers to
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When using the air quantities in Ta
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X = distance in feet from the face
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Checklist for Hood EffectivenessThe
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A major disadvantage of the high-ve
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A common misconception when designi
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Avoiding Mitered Elbows Greater Tha
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Figure 1.13. Depiction of the horiz
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Figure 1.14. Typical design of grav
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Baghouse CollectorsBaghouse dust co
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Table 1.2. Emission factors for cru
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Figure 1.17. Typical design of a me
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Reverse Jet (Pulse Jet) CollectorsR
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Figure 1.20. Cartridge collector wi
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Wet scrubbers are particularly adva
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Electrostatic precipitators normall
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may be related to specific applicat
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times. When considering the depth o
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Figure 1.25. Demonstration of how a
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Figure 1.26. A typical fan performa
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Fan TypesThere are two basic types
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Figure 1.30. Typical centrifugal fa
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Figure 1.32. Typical roof ventilato
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The vast majority of dust particles
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Table 2.1. Particle/droplet size in
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Air Atomizing NozzlesAir atomizing
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Hydraulic Flat Fan NozzlesFigure 2.
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for dust knockdown or suppression,
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Nozzle MaintenanceFigure 2.14. Typi
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Accidental DamageInadvertent harm t
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NDT Educational Resource Center, Io
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78 Wet Spray SystemsDUST CONTROL HA
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contains a piston which delivers ha
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produce an increase in the penetrat
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Dry DrillingDry drilling is accompl
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Circular ShroudIn contrast to the u
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The collector airflow has a more su
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Air-Blocking ShelfThe air-blocking
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dust emissions from mast lowering,
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This simple procedure of creating a
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Figure 3.15. Air ring seal used to
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Figure 3.17. Illustrations showing
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unsubstantiated due to the inconsis
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safety considerations may preclude
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Figure 3.22. A filtration unit, loc
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Miller S, Emerick JC, Vogely WA [19
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USBM [1995]. The reduction of airbo
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110 Drilling and BlastingDUST CONTR
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Wet Control MethodsPREVENTION AND S
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Figure 4.2. Examples of compressive
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Figure 4.5. Illustration of a dry (
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Figure 4.6. Illustration of a dry (
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Wet dust control methods for crushi
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Work Practices to Minimize Dust Exp
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Some specialty grinding operations
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should be frequently inspected for
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Open screen decks slowly to allow i
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CHAPTER 5: CONVEYING AND TRANSPORTT
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Figure 5.3. Basic depiction of mate
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that the material falls before land
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Figure 5.10. Skirtboard used within
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CarrybackMaterial that sticks or cl
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CONVEYOR DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE ISS
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Figure 5.15. Conveyor transfer encl
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High-volume, high-pressure sprays s
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Figure 5.19. Depiction of a bucket
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Figure 5.21. Depiction of two types
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Figure 5.25. Venturi eductor utiliz
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CHAPTER 6: BAGGINGThis chapter disc
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caused during manufacturing, includ
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Overall PerforationsThe use of over
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Figure 6.5. Open-top bag being load
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Bagging operators should be aware t
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Figure 6.8. Exhaust hood to capture
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In the original design, a single no
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The OASIS is a relatively simple de
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Figure 6.13. Bag storage shelves sh
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Figure 6.14. Bag and belt cleaner d
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other industrial application using
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The robotic arm automatic palletize
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For many years, this plastic wrappi
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warehouse location until a later ti
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used successfully to perform this c
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CHAPTER 7: BULK LOADINGDuring the b
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Figure 7.2. Loading spout discharge
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Cascading Loading SpoutFigure 7.5 i
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a seal at the entry and exit points
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REFERENCESBiere G, Swinderman RT, M
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200 Bulk LoadingDUST CONTROL HANDBO
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many years, as well as some new and
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Figure 8.2. Air spray manifold desi
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Figure 8.3. Test subject wearing po
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Spills of product material are a co
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epetitive dust leaks should not sim
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Effective Upward Airflow PatternThe
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Figure 8.8. Open-structure design c
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manually removing the bags and plac
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Figure 8.12. Increase in worker’s
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In other cases, an operation may wa
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Cecala AB, O'Brien AD, Pollock DE,
Page 253 and 254: 224 Controls for Secondary SourcesD
Page 255 and 256: where C o = outside respirable dust
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Page 259 and 260: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FILTRATION/PRES
Page 261 and 262: Effective FiltrationFigure 9.4. Res
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Page 265 and 266: Figure 9.6. Filtration unit showing
Page 267 and 268: This table highlights a number of c
Page 269 and 270: NIOSH [2001b]. Technology news 486:
Page 271 and 272: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 273 and 274: upon the wind velocity (or disturba
Page 275 and 276: Maximum size is the largest particl
Page 277 and 278: Figure 10.4. Use of end-dumping wit
Page 279 and 280: conditions. Performance of each of
Page 281 and 282: A water truck, used to apply water
Page 283 and 284: Surfactants work by reducing the su
Page 285 and 286: which differed for the various site
Page 287 and 288: Figure 10.9. Self-tarping dump truc
Page 289 and 290: percent [Fryrear and Skidmore 1985]
Page 291 and 292: Figure 10.12. The armoring process
Page 293 and 294: A current method of stockpile forma
Page 295 and 296: Figure 10.15. Demonstration of how
Page 297 and 298: Chekan GJ, Cecala AB, Colinet JF [2
Page 299 and 300: Midwest Research Institute [1981].
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Page 306 and 307: Carryback. Material that sticks or
Page 308 and 309: End-dumping. A process of spreading
Page 310 and 311: Open structure building design. A p
Page 312 and 313: Table bushing. A bushing used to se
Page 314: Delivering on the Nation’s promis
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