Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

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Ventilation System DispersalThe most common method of dust control is to allow the dust and gases from blasting to bedispersed and removed through the ventilation system in the case of underground operations, orthrough atmospheric dispersion in the case of surface operations. Underground operationsgenerally schedule the blasting during off-shift times to allow sufficient time for the area toventilate, to disperse, and to remove the dust and gases from the blasting [Cummins and Given1973]. If off-shift blasting is not feasible, then areas affected by the blasting should be clearedand work should not commence until the dust and gases are removed.The amount of time for dust and gas dispersal is mine-site specific, depending upon theefficiency of the mine's ventilation system. Therefore, it is important that the mine's ventilationsystem be maintained in good operating condition to optimize dust and gas removal and tominimize the time for the removal.At surface operations, the area is cleared of personnel just prior to blasting. Scheduling the blastto take into consideration the meteorological conditions, i.e. low wind speed and low inversionpotential, can be used to minimize the impacts of dust generation from blasting. Generally thedispersion of dust and gases occurs quickly after the blast, depending upon the wind speed anddirection, and work is not allowed in the affected area until dispersion is completed.Additionally, it has been noted that the use of multi-delay detonators to initiate the individualexplosive charges in millisecond time intervals may reduce dust generation from blasting, butthis has not been verified [Miller et al. 1985].REFERENCESCummins AB, Given IA, eds. [1973]. SME Mining engineering handbook, Vol. 1. New York:Society of Mining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and PetroleumEngineers, Inc.EPA [1991]. Review of Surface Coal Mining Emissions Factors. U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,July.EPA [1998]. Review of Emission Factors for AP—42 Section 11.9 Western Surface CoalMining. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, September.Hustrulid WA, ed. [1982]. Underground mining methods handbook. New York: Society ofMining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers,Inc.Hustrulid WA [1999]. Blasting principles for open pit mining, Vol. 1—General design concepts.Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.ILO [1965]. Guide to the prevention and suppression of dust in mining, tunnelling, andquarrying. International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland; Atar, South Africa.Drilling and Blasting 105
Miller S, Emerick JC, Vogely WA [1985]. The secondary effects of mineral development.Economics of the mineral industries, chapter 5.15B. Littleton, Colorado: Society of Mining,Metallurgy, and Exploration.NIOSH [2006]. Technology news 512: Improve drill dust collector capture through bettershroud and inlet configurations. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safetyand Health Publication No. 2006–108.Organiscak JA, Page SJ [2005]. Development of a dust collector inlet hood for enhanced surfacemine drill dust capture. Inter J of Surface Min, Rec, and Env. 19(1):12–28.Page SJ [1991]. Respirable dust control on overburden drills at surface mines. Coal miningtechnology, economics, and policy. Session papers from the American Mining Congress CoalConvention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 2–5, pp. 523–539.Page SJ, Organiscak JA [2004]. Semi-empirical model for predicting surface coal mine drillrespirable dust emissions. Inter J of Surface Min, Rec, and Env 18(1):42–59.Potts JD, Reed WR [2008]. Horizontal air blocking shelf reduces dust leakage from surface drillshroud. Transactions of the Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. Littleton,Colorado: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. 324:55–60.Page SJ, Listak JM,Reed WR [2008a]. Drill dust capture—Improve dust capture on your surface drill. Coal Age.Page SJ, Reed WR, Listak JM [2008b]. An expanded model for predicting surface coal minedrill respirable dust emissions. Inter J of Surface Min, Rec, and Env 22(3):210–221.Potts JD, Reed WR [2010]. Field evaluation of air-blocking shelf for dust control on blastholedrills. Submitted to Mining Engineering, 2010.Reed WR, Organiscak JA, Page SJ [2004]. New approach controls dust at the collector dumppoint. Coal Age, June, pp. 20–22.Reed WR, Potts JD [2009]. Improved drill shroud capture of respirable dust utilizing air nozzlesunderneath the drill deck. Transactions of the Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.Littleton, Colorado: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. 326:1–9.Richards J, Brozell T [2001]. Compilation of National Stone, Sand and Gravel AssociationSponsored Emission Factor and Air Quality Studies 1991–2001. Arlington, Virginia: NationalStone, Sand and Gravel Association.Sandvik [2005]. Tamrock ranger drills feature rock pilot, dust minimizor systems for enhancedand cleaner operation. Atlanta, Georgia: Sandvik Mining and Construction.[http://www2.sandvik.com/__C1256A1E004428BE.nsf/0/7C249CA00F258C2D85257062000D57EC].USBM [1921]. Dust reduction by wet stopers. By Harrington D. U.S. Department of theInterior, Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 2291.106 Drilling and Blasting
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Report of Investigations 9689Dust C
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DUSTCOLLECTION SYST
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Minimizing Field Fits and Welds ...
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Recommendations for Proper Wet Dril
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILLING 50
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Effective Filtration ..............
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ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1.1. Relationsh
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Figure 3.2. The air and water flow
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Figure 9.5. Problem created by heat
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UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONSUSED I
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Robert J. Franta, Quotation Enginee
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silica. Quartz is the most common s
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DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
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CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OFDUST COLL
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The shape of particles affects how
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EXHAUST SYSTEMS DESIGNAll exhaust s
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stripping, which allows workers to
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When using the air quantities in Ta
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X = distance in feet from the face
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Checklist for Hood EffectivenessThe
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A major disadvantage of the high-ve
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A common misconception when designi
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Avoiding Mitered Elbows Greater Tha
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Figure 1.13. Depiction of the horiz
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Figure 1.14. Typical design of grav
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Baghouse CollectorsBaghouse dust co
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Table 1.2. Emission factors for cru
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Figure 1.17. Typical design of a me
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Reverse Jet (Pulse Jet) CollectorsR
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Figure 1.20. Cartridge collector wi
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Wet scrubbers are particularly adva
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Electrostatic precipitators normall
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may be related to specific applicat
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times. When considering the depth o
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Figure 1.25. Demonstration of how a
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Figure 1.26. A typical fan performa
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Fan TypesThere are two basic types
Page 84 and 85: Figure 1.30. Typical centrifugal fa
Page 86 and 87: Figure 1.32. Typical roof ventilato
Page 89 and 90: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 91 and 92: The vast majority of dust particles
Page 93 and 94: Table 2.1. Particle/droplet size in
Page 95 and 96: Air Atomizing NozzlesAir atomizing
Page 97 and 98: Hydraulic Flat Fan NozzlesFigure 2.
Page 99 and 100: for dust knockdown or suppression,
Page 101 and 102: Nozzle MaintenanceFigure 2.14. Typi
Page 103 and 104: Accidental DamageInadvertent harm t
Page 105 and 106: NDT Educational Resource Center, Io
Page 107 and 108: 78 Wet Spray SystemsDUST CONTROL HA
Page 109 and 110: contains a piston which delivers ha
Page 111 and 112: produce an increase in the penetrat
Page 113 and 114: Dry DrillingDry drilling is accompl
Page 115 and 116: Circular ShroudIn contrast to the u
Page 117 and 118: The collector airflow has a more su
Page 119 and 120: Air-Blocking ShelfThe air-blocking
Page 121 and 122: dust emissions from mast lowering,
Page 123 and 124: This simple procedure of creating a
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3.15. Air ring seal used to
Page 127 and 128: Figure 3.17. Illustrations showing
Page 129 and 130: unsubstantiated due to the inconsis
Page 131 and 132: safety considerations may preclude
Page 133: Figure 3.22. A filtration unit, loc
Page 137 and 138: USBM [1995]. The reduction of airbo
Page 139 and 140: 110 Drilling and BlastingDUST CONTR
Page 141 and 142: Wet Control MethodsPREVENTION AND S
Page 143 and 144: Figure 4.2. Examples of compressive
Page 145 and 146: Figure 4.5. Illustration of a dry (
Page 147 and 148: Figure 4.6. Illustration of a dry (
Page 149 and 150: Wet dust control methods for crushi
Page 151 and 152: Work Practices to Minimize Dust Exp
Page 153 and 154: Some specialty grinding operations
Page 155 and 156: should be frequently inspected for
Page 157 and 158: Open screen decks slowly to allow i
Page 160 and 161: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 162 and 163: CHAPTER 5: CONVEYING AND TRANSPORTT
Page 164 and 165: Figure 5.3. Basic depiction of mate
Page 166 and 167: that the material falls before land
Page 168 and 169: Figure 5.10. Skirtboard used within
Page 170 and 171: CarrybackMaterial that sticks or cl
Page 172 and 173: CONVEYOR DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE ISS
Page 174 and 175: Figure 5.15. Conveyor transfer encl
Page 176 and 177: High-volume, high-pressure sprays s
Page 178 and 179: Figure 5.19. Depiction of a bucket
Page 180 and 181: Figure 5.21. Depiction of two types
Page 182 and 183: Figure 5.25. Venturi eductor utiliz
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CHAPTER 6: BAGGINGThis chapter disc
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caused during manufacturing, includ
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Overall PerforationsThe use of over
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Figure 6.5. Open-top bag being load
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Bagging operators should be aware t
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Figure 6.8. Exhaust hood to capture
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In the original design, a single no
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The OASIS is a relatively simple de
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Figure 6.13. Bag storage shelves sh
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Figure 6.14. Bag and belt cleaner d
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other industrial application using
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The robotic arm automatic palletize
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For many years, this plastic wrappi
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warehouse location until a later ti
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used successfully to perform this c
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CHAPTER 7: BULK LOADINGDuring the b
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Figure 7.2. Loading spout discharge
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Cascading Loading SpoutFigure 7.5 i
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a seal at the entry and exit points
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REFERENCESBiere G, Swinderman RT, M
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200 Bulk LoadingDUST CONTROL HANDBO
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many years, as well as some new and
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Figure 8.2. Air spray manifold desi
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Figure 8.3. Test subject wearing po
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Spills of product material are a co
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epetitive dust leaks should not sim
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Effective Upward Airflow PatternThe
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Figure 8.8. Open-structure design c
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manually removing the bags and plac
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Figure 8.12. Increase in worker’s
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In other cases, an operation may wa
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Cecala AB, O'Brien AD, Pollock DE,
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224 Controls for Secondary SourcesD
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where C o = outside respirable dust
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minimal improvement in the cab's ai
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FILTRATION/PRES
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Effective FiltrationFigure 9.4. Res
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average decay times were between 16
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Figure 9.6. Filtration unit showing
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This table highlights a number of c
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NIOSH [2001b]. Technology news 486:
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upon the wind velocity (or disturba
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Maximum size is the largest particl
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Figure 10.4. Use of end-dumping wit
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conditions. Performance of each of
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A water truck, used to apply water
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Surfactants work by reducing the su
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which differed for the various site
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Figure 10.9. Self-tarping dump truc
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percent [Fryrear and Skidmore 1985]
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Figure 10.12. The armoring process
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A current method of stockpile forma
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Figure 10.15. Demonstration of how
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Chekan GJ, Cecala AB, Colinet JF [2
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Midwest Research Institute [1981].
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GLOSSARYAbrader. An implement used
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Carryback. Material that sticks or
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End-dumping. A process of spreading
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Open structure building design. A p
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Table bushing. A bushing used to se
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Delivering on the Nation’s promis
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