Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

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Figure 5.21. Depiction of two types of pneumatic conveying systems.Since positive pressure pneumatic systems are totally enclosed, dust emissions do not usuallyoccur unless the system has worn-out areas. Because maximum wear in the conveying ductworkoccurs at elbows, long-radius elbows made of heavy gauge material should be used. Numerousstyles of wear-resistant elbows are available (Figure 5.22). The elbows can also be lined withrefractory or ceramic material to further reduce wear and abrasion. In low-pressure pneumaticsystems, dust may also leak through joints. Self-adhesive neoprene gaskets should be used at alljoints to provide a dust-tight seal.Figure 5.22. HammerTek wear-resistant elbow installed in conveying ductwork.Dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems operate under pressure and require some mechanicalmeans, such as a rotary valve or double dump valve, to provide an airlock and prevent transportair from short circuiting into the feed material storage bin (Figure 5.23). These types of devicesemploy moving parts and seals that are often subject to high wear and significant maintenance.Conveying and Transport 151
The dismantling of these airlock devices can also be a significant source of dust for mechanicsand requires downtime for process equipment.Figure 5.23. Rotary airlock feeding pneumatic conveying line.Venturi eductors are often a good alternative to the mechanical airlock devices. Eductorsconvert the blower output into a suction that is used to draw the feed material into the conveyingline (Figures 5.24 and 5.25). These devices have no moving parts and typically require minimalrepair and downtime for maintenance activities. The venturi eductor can be used on dustcollectors, grinders/mills, belt and vibratory feeders, etc. Systems utilizing this type of deviceare generally designed by the manufacturer due to variables associated with the process.Figure 5.24. Conveyance system utilizing a venturi eductor device.152 Conveying and Transport
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Report of Investigations 9689Dust C
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DUSTCOLLECTION SYST
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Minimizing Field Fits and Welds ...
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Recommendations for Proper Wet Dril
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILLING 50
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Effective Filtration ..............
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ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1.1. Relationsh
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Figure 3.2. The air and water flow
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Figure 9.5. Problem created by heat
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UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONSUSED I
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Robert J. Franta, Quotation Enginee
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silica. Quartz is the most common s
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DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
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CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OFDUST COLL
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The shape of particles affects how
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EXHAUST SYSTEMS DESIGNAll exhaust s
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stripping, which allows workers to
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When using the air quantities in Ta
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X = distance in feet from the face
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Checklist for Hood EffectivenessThe
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A major disadvantage of the high-ve
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A common misconception when designi
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Avoiding Mitered Elbows Greater Tha
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Figure 1.13. Depiction of the horiz
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Figure 1.14. Typical design of grav
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Baghouse CollectorsBaghouse dust co
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Table 1.2. Emission factors for cru
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Figure 1.17. Typical design of a me
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Reverse Jet (Pulse Jet) CollectorsR
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Figure 1.20. Cartridge collector wi
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Wet scrubbers are particularly adva
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Electrostatic precipitators normall
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may be related to specific applicat
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times. When considering the depth o
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Figure 1.25. Demonstration of how a
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Figure 1.26. A typical fan performa
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Fan TypesThere are two basic types
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Figure 1.30. Typical centrifugal fa
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Figure 1.32. Typical roof ventilato
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The vast majority of dust particles
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Table 2.1. Particle/droplet size in
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Air Atomizing NozzlesAir atomizing
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Hydraulic Flat Fan NozzlesFigure 2.
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for dust knockdown or suppression,
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Nozzle MaintenanceFigure 2.14. Typi
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Accidental DamageInadvertent harm t
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NDT Educational Resource Center, Io
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78 Wet Spray SystemsDUST CONTROL HA
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contains a piston which delivers ha
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produce an increase in the penetrat
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Dry DrillingDry drilling is accompl
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Circular ShroudIn contrast to the u
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The collector airflow has a more su
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Air-Blocking ShelfThe air-blocking
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dust emissions from mast lowering,
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This simple procedure of creating a
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Figure 3.15. Air ring seal used to
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Figure 3.17. Illustrations showing
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Page 133 and 134: Figure 3.22. A filtration unit, loc
Page 135 and 136: Miller S, Emerick JC, Vogely WA [19
Page 137 and 138: USBM [1995]. The reduction of airbo
Page 139 and 140: 110 Drilling and BlastingDUST CONTR
Page 141 and 142: Wet Control MethodsPREVENTION AND S
Page 143 and 144: Figure 4.2. Examples of compressive
Page 145 and 146: Figure 4.5. Illustration of a dry (
Page 147 and 148: Figure 4.6. Illustration of a dry (
Page 149 and 150: Wet dust control methods for crushi
Page 151 and 152: Work Practices to Minimize Dust Exp
Page 153 and 154: Some specialty grinding operations
Page 155 and 156: should be frequently inspected for
Page 157 and 158: Open screen decks slowly to allow i
Page 160 and 161: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 162 and 163: CHAPTER 5: CONVEYING AND TRANSPORTT
Page 164 and 165: Figure 5.3. Basic depiction of mate
Page 166 and 167: that the material falls before land
Page 168 and 169: Figure 5.10. Skirtboard used within
Page 170 and 171: CarrybackMaterial that sticks or cl
Page 172 and 173: CONVEYOR DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE ISS
Page 174 and 175: Figure 5.15. Conveyor transfer encl
Page 176 and 177: High-volume, high-pressure sprays s
Page 178 and 179: Figure 5.19. Depiction of a bucket
Page 182 and 183: Figure 5.25. Venturi eductor utiliz
Page 186 and 187: CHAPTER 6: BAGGINGThis chapter disc
Page 188 and 189: caused during manufacturing, includ
Page 190 and 191: Overall PerforationsThe use of over
Page 192 and 193: Figure 6.5. Open-top bag being load
Page 194 and 195: Bagging operators should be aware t
Page 196 and 197: Figure 6.8. Exhaust hood to capture
Page 198 and 199: In the original design, a single no
Page 200 and 201: The OASIS is a relatively simple de
Page 202 and 203: Figure 6.13. Bag storage shelves sh
Page 204 and 205: Figure 6.14. Bag and belt cleaner d
Page 206 and 207: other industrial application using
Page 208 and 209: The robotic arm automatic palletize
Page 210 and 211: For many years, this plastic wrappi
Page 212 and 213: warehouse location until a later ti
Page 214 and 215: used successfully to perform this c
Page 218 and 219: CHAPTER 7: BULK LOADINGDuring the b
Page 220 and 221: Figure 7.2. Loading spout discharge
Page 222 and 223: Cascading Loading SpoutFigure 7.5 i
Page 224 and 225: a seal at the entry and exit points
Page 226: REFERENCESBiere G, Swinderman RT, M
Page 229 and 230: 200 Bulk LoadingDUST CONTROL HANDBO
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many years, as well as some new and
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Figure 8.2. Air spray manifold desi
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Figure 8.3. Test subject wearing po
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Spills of product material are a co
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epetitive dust leaks should not sim
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Effective Upward Airflow PatternThe
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Figure 8.8. Open-structure design c
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manually removing the bags and plac
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Figure 8.12. Increase in worker’s
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In other cases, an operation may wa
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Cecala AB, O'Brien AD, Pollock DE,
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224 Controls for Secondary SourcesD
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where C o = outside respirable dust
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minimal improvement in the cab's ai
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FILTRATION/PRES
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Effective FiltrationFigure 9.4. Res
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average decay times were between 16
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Figure 9.6. Filtration unit showing
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This table highlights a number of c
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NIOSH [2001b]. Technology news 486:
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upon the wind velocity (or disturba
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Maximum size is the largest particl
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Figure 10.4. Use of end-dumping wit
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conditions. Performance of each of
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A water truck, used to apply water
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Surfactants work by reducing the su
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which differed for the various site
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Figure 10.9. Self-tarping dump truc
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percent [Fryrear and Skidmore 1985]
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Figure 10.12. The armoring process
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A current method of stockpile forma
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Figure 10.15. Demonstration of how
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Chekan GJ, Cecala AB, Colinet JF [2
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Midwest Research Institute [1981].
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GLOSSARYAbrader. An implement used
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Carryback. Material that sticks or
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End-dumping. A process of spreading
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Open structure building design. A p
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Table bushing. A bushing used to se
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Delivering on the Nation’s promis
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