Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

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End-dumping. A process of spreading material (commonly gravel or sand) directly from the endof the dump truck. The material flow is controlled by limiting the tailgate opening to allow forthe desired flow of material. Also called "tailgating."Entrainment. The process of particles being lifted into the air and carried with the airflow.Epitropic fiber. A fiber whose surface includes embedded particles designed to modify the fiberproperties, typically electrical conductivity. Commonly used epitropic fiber materials includecarbon, graphite, and stainless steel.Exhaust. In ventilation systems, to discharge air into the atmosphere using an energy source(typically a fan).Exhaust ventilation system. An engineered system designed to draw air through a network ofopenings via a fan.Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs). Large product containers, normally 1,000 lbsand greater when filled, used to ship bulk material to customers. Also called "bulk bags," "mini-bulk bags," "semi-bulk bags," and "big bags."Fogger spray. Compressed air and water forced through a nozzle to create a fogged-in area,resulting in a mist that aids in dust suppression.Freeboard. The distance from the top of a dump truck bed down to the top of the material loadedinto the bed.Fugitive dust. Solid airborne particulate matter that escapes from any dust-generating source.Gradation. The distribution of different particle sizes in aggregate material.Gravity separator. In ventilation systems, a large chamber where the velocity of the air stream isdrastically reduced in order to facilitate the vertical drop of particles. Also called a "drop-outbox."Haul road. A road used for hauling ore to and from pit and crusher locations at a surface mine.Hauling is generally conducted using large off-road haul trucks.Hydraulic (airless) atomization. Controlling droplet size by forcing liquid through a knownorifice diameter at a specific pressure.Hydraulic flat fan nozzles. In wet spray systems, nozzles used to produce relatively largedroplets over a wide range of flows and spray angles, normally used in narrow enclosed spaces.Hydraulic full cone nozzles. In wet spray systems, nozzles used to produce a solid cone-shapedspray pattern with a round impact area that provides high velocity over a distance.Glossary 279
Hydraulic hollow cone nozzles. In wet spray systems, nozzles used to produce a circular ringspray pattern, typically producing smaller drops than other hydraulic nozzle types of the sameflow rate.Hydrogen embrittlement. A process where metal (high-strength steel) can become brittle andfracture due to exposure to a hydrogen source.Hygroscopic. The ability to absorb moisture from the air.Impact plate. When material is being conveyed, a device used to control the direction and speedof the material.Impingement plate scrubber. A type of wet scrubber in which the dust-laden air passes upwardthrough openings in perforated plates, which hold a layer of water.Induction. Airflow or product movement that creates sufficient momentum energy to pulladditional surrounding air into the airflow or product movement.Inhalable dust. A fraction of airborne dust intended to represent those particles likely, wheninhaled, to be deposited in the respiratory tract from the mouth and throat to the deep lung. Thecollection efficiency of an inhalable dust sampler varies by aerodynamic diameter of theparticles—to demonstrate, about 50 percent of 100-micrometer particles (but nearly 100 percentof particles less than 1 micrometer) are collected.Inlet loading. In ventilation systems, the amount of dust traveling to the collector.Intake air. In ventilation systems, the clean air supplied into an area or space to replace existing(contaminated) air.Laminar. Sometimes referred to as streamline flow, the occurrence of air flowing in parallelpaths with no disruptions between the paths.Local exhaust ventilation (LEV). A system used to capture dust and remove it from a mine orplant environment. The concept is to capture dust-laden air, pull this air into an exhaust hood,transport the dust-laden air through ductwork to some type of dust collection system, and ductthe dust-free air to some type of exhaust fan, which creates negative pressure, resulting in theairflow for the entire system.Makeup air. In ventilation systems, the clean air necessary to supply a specific ventilationapplication (e.g., a local exhaust ventilation system).Mechanical shaker collector. In dust collection systems, a type of collector that uses mechanicalshaking to remove the excess dust cake from the collection media.Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD). Health problems in the body's muscles, joints, tendons,ligaments, and nerves. When work-related, these problems are caused by the work process orenvironment.280 Glossary
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Report of Investigations 9689Dust C
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DUSTCOLLECTION SYST
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Minimizing Field Fits and Welds ...
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Recommendations for Proper Wet Dril
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILLING 50
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Effective Filtration ..............
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ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1.1. Relationsh
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Figure 3.2. The air and water flow
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Figure 9.5. Problem created by heat
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UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONSUSED I
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Robert J. Franta, Quotation Enginee
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silica. Quartz is the most common s
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DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
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CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OFDUST COLL
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The shape of particles affects how
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EXHAUST SYSTEMS DESIGNAll exhaust s
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stripping, which allows workers to
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When using the air quantities in Ta
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X = distance in feet from the face
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Checklist for Hood EffectivenessThe
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A major disadvantage of the high-ve
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A common misconception when designi
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Avoiding Mitered Elbows Greater Tha
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Figure 1.13. Depiction of the horiz
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Figure 1.14. Typical design of grav
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Baghouse CollectorsBaghouse dust co
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Table 1.2. Emission factors for cru
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Figure 1.17. Typical design of a me
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Reverse Jet (Pulse Jet) CollectorsR
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Figure 1.20. Cartridge collector wi
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Wet scrubbers are particularly adva
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Electrostatic precipitators normall
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may be related to specific applicat
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times. When considering the depth o
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Figure 1.25. Demonstration of how a
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Figure 1.26. A typical fan performa
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Fan TypesThere are two basic types
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Figure 1.30. Typical centrifugal fa
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Figure 1.32. Typical roof ventilato
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The vast majority of dust particles
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Table 2.1. Particle/droplet size in
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Air Atomizing NozzlesAir atomizing
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Hydraulic Flat Fan NozzlesFigure 2.
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for dust knockdown or suppression,
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Nozzle MaintenanceFigure 2.14. Typi
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Accidental DamageInadvertent harm t
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NDT Educational Resource Center, Io
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78 Wet Spray SystemsDUST CONTROL HA
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contains a piston which delivers ha
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produce an increase in the penetrat
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Dry DrillingDry drilling is accompl
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Circular ShroudIn contrast to the u
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The collector airflow has a more su
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Air-Blocking ShelfThe air-blocking
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dust emissions from mast lowering,
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This simple procedure of creating a
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Figure 3.15. Air ring seal used to
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Figure 3.17. Illustrations showing
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unsubstantiated due to the inconsis
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safety considerations may preclude
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Figure 3.22. A filtration unit, loc
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Miller S, Emerick JC, Vogely WA [19
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USBM [1995]. The reduction of airbo
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110 Drilling and BlastingDUST CONTR
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Wet Control MethodsPREVENTION AND S
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Figure 4.2. Examples of compressive
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Figure 4.5. Illustration of a dry (
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Figure 4.6. Illustration of a dry (
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Wet dust control methods for crushi
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Work Practices to Minimize Dust Exp
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Some specialty grinding operations
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should be frequently inspected for
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Open screen decks slowly to allow i
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CHAPTER 5: CONVEYING AND TRANSPORTT
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Figure 5.3. Basic depiction of mate
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that the material falls before land
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Figure 5.10. Skirtboard used within
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CarrybackMaterial that sticks or cl
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CONVEYOR DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE ISS
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Figure 5.15. Conveyor transfer encl
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High-volume, high-pressure sprays s
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Figure 5.19. Depiction of a bucket
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Figure 5.21. Depiction of two types
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Figure 5.25. Venturi eductor utiliz
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CHAPTER 6: BAGGINGThis chapter disc
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caused during manufacturing, includ
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Overall PerforationsThe use of over
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Figure 6.5. Open-top bag being load
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Bagging operators should be aware t
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Figure 6.8. Exhaust hood to capture
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In the original design, a single no
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The OASIS is a relatively simple de
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Figure 6.13. Bag storage shelves sh
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Figure 6.14. Bag and belt cleaner d
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other industrial application using
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The robotic arm automatic palletize
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For many years, this plastic wrappi
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warehouse location until a later ti
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used successfully to perform this c
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CHAPTER 7: BULK LOADINGDuring the b
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Figure 7.2. Loading spout discharge
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Cascading Loading SpoutFigure 7.5 i
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a seal at the entry and exit points
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REFERENCESBiere G, Swinderman RT, M
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200 Bulk LoadingDUST CONTROL HANDBO
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many years, as well as some new and
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Figure 8.2. Air spray manifold desi
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Figure 8.3. Test subject wearing po
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Spills of product material are a co
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epetitive dust leaks should not sim
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Effective Upward Airflow PatternThe
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Figure 8.8. Open-structure design c
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manually removing the bags and plac
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Figure 8.12. Increase in worker’s
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In other cases, an operation may wa
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Cecala AB, O'Brien AD, Pollock DE,
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224 Controls for Secondary SourcesD
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where C o = outside respirable dust
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Page 259 and 260: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FILTRATION/PRES
Page 261 and 262: Effective FiltrationFigure 9.4. Res
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Page 265 and 266: Figure 9.6. Filtration unit showing
Page 267 and 268: This table highlights a number of c
Page 269 and 270: NIOSH [2001b]. Technology news 486:
Page 271 and 272: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 273 and 274: upon the wind velocity (or disturba
Page 275 and 276: Maximum size is the largest particl
Page 277 and 278: Figure 10.4. Use of end-dumping wit
Page 279 and 280: conditions. Performance of each of
Page 281 and 282: A water truck, used to apply water
Page 283 and 284: Surfactants work by reducing the su
Page 285 and 286: which differed for the various site
Page 287 and 288: Figure 10.9. Self-tarping dump truc
Page 289 and 290: percent [Fryrear and Skidmore 1985]
Page 291 and 292: Figure 10.12. The armoring process
Page 293 and 294: A current method of stockpile forma
Page 295 and 296: Figure 10.15. Demonstration of how
Page 297 and 298: Chekan GJ, Cecala AB, Colinet JF [2
Page 299 and 300: Midwest Research Institute [1981].
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Page 304 and 305: GLOSSARYAbrader. An implement used
Page 306 and 307: Carryback. Material that sticks or
Page 310 and 311: Open structure building design. A p
Page 312 and 313: Table bushing. A bushing used to se
Page 314: Delivering on the Nation’s promis
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