Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

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thickness of the subbase, wearing surface, and any intermediate layer. These samespecifications can be used as design guidelines for mine haul roads.Figure 10.5. Subbase thickness from California Bearing Ratio testson road material [after USBM 1977].Haul Road Dust Control MeasuresThe most common method of dust control on haul roads is using dust suppressants, withwater being the most common. Other suppressants are surfactants, salts, petroleumemulsions, polymers, and adhesives. Although haul road construction is important to thereduction of dust emissions from trucks, there is still the need to implement dust controlmeasures for haul roads, as even the best constructed haul roads will provide material fordust entrainment. Selection of the proper agent for use is dependent upon mine siteHaul Roads, Stockpiles, and Open Areas 249
conditions. Performance of each of the above dust control agents is evaluated through theuse of control efficiency. Control efficiency compares the dust concentration of a treatedroad surface to that of an untreated or uncontrolled road surface and is defined in Equation10.2:TCE 1 100(10.2)Uwhere CE = control efficiency, percent;3U = untreated or uncontrolled road dust concentration, mg/m ; and3T = treated or controlled road dust concentration, mg/m .Generally, the higher the control efficiency for a dust control agent, the better itsperformance, which results in less dust emissions from the road surface. The controlefficiencies presented are for total suspended solids (TSP).Road PreparationApplication of many of the dust suppressants requires the haul road to be properlyprepared. The equipment used for the application of the dust suppressants includes: a roadgrader equipped with scarifiers (refer to Figure 10.4), a compactor, and a water truck fordistribution of the suppressant to the road surface.Proper planning is necessary when applying many dust suppressants, as many require asignificant amount of time to cure before traffic can return to the road. Additionally,depending upon the amount of road that requires application, several days of dry weatherwill be needed to properly apply the suppressant. The road should be fully preparedbefore applying the suppressant, as follows:any blade work required to eliminate road corrugations and potholes should becompleted before dust suppression is initiated;any large material that would not make for a good road surface should be bladedoff the road;the road should have a good crown to eliminate the potential for any standingwater because it can have a detrimental effect on the road surface, creatingpotholes; andthe dust suppressant is applied as the final step.Accomplishing the proper road preparation during application will allow the dustsuppressant to work at its maximum efficiency. For the application of the dustsuppressant, the road surface should be scarified to loosen the top 1 to 2 inches of roadsurface. There are two variations to applying the dust suppressant at this point, asdiscussed below.The first variation, generally used with salt suppressants, is to ensure that a 1- to 2-inch loose layer is spread evenly across the road surface. Next, the dust250 Haul Roads, Stockpiles, and Open Areas
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Report of Investigations 9689Dust C
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DUSTCOLLECTION SYST
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Minimizing Field Fits and Welds ...
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Recommendations for Proper Wet Dril
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILLING 50
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Effective Filtration ..............
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ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1.1. Relationsh
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Figure 3.2. The air and water flow
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Figure 9.5. Problem created by heat
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UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONSUSED I
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Robert J. Franta, Quotation Enginee
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silica. Quartz is the most common s
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DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
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CHAPTER 1: FUNDAMENTALS OFDUST COLL
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The shape of particles affects how
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EXHAUST SYSTEMS DESIGNAll exhaust s
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stripping, which allows workers to
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When using the air quantities in Ta
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X = distance in feet from the face
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Checklist for Hood EffectivenessThe
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A major disadvantage of the high-ve
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A common misconception when designi
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Avoiding Mitered Elbows Greater Tha
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Figure 1.13. Depiction of the horiz
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Figure 1.14. Typical design of grav
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Baghouse CollectorsBaghouse dust co
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Table 1.2. Emission factors for cru
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Figure 1.17. Typical design of a me
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Reverse Jet (Pulse Jet) CollectorsR
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Figure 1.20. Cartridge collector wi
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Wet scrubbers are particularly adva
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Electrostatic precipitators normall
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may be related to specific applicat
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times. When considering the depth o
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Figure 1.25. Demonstration of how a
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Figure 1.26. A typical fan performa
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Fan TypesThere are two basic types
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Figure 1.30. Typical centrifugal fa
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Figure 1.32. Typical roof ventilato
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The vast majority of dust particles
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Table 2.1. Particle/droplet size in
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Air Atomizing NozzlesAir atomizing
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Hydraulic Flat Fan NozzlesFigure 2.
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for dust knockdown or suppression,
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Nozzle MaintenanceFigure 2.14. Typi
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Accidental DamageInadvertent harm t
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NDT Educational Resource Center, Io
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78 Wet Spray SystemsDUST CONTROL HA
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contains a piston which delivers ha
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produce an increase in the penetrat
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Dry DrillingDry drilling is accompl
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Circular ShroudIn contrast to the u
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The collector airflow has a more su
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Air-Blocking ShelfThe air-blocking
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dust emissions from mast lowering,
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This simple procedure of creating a
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Figure 3.15. Air ring seal used to
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Figure 3.17. Illustrations showing
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unsubstantiated due to the inconsis
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safety considerations may preclude
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Figure 3.22. A filtration unit, loc
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Miller S, Emerick JC, Vogely WA [19
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USBM [1995]. The reduction of airbo
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110 Drilling and BlastingDUST CONTR
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Wet Control MethodsPREVENTION AND S
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Figure 4.2. Examples of compressive
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Figure 4.5. Illustration of a dry (
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Figure 4.6. Illustration of a dry (
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Wet dust control methods for crushi
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Work Practices to Minimize Dust Exp
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Some specialty grinding operations
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should be frequently inspected for
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Open screen decks slowly to allow i
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CHAPTER 5: CONVEYING AND TRANSPORTT
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Figure 5.3. Basic depiction of mate
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that the material falls before land
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Figure 5.10. Skirtboard used within
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CarrybackMaterial that sticks or cl
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CONVEYOR DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE ISS
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Figure 5.15. Conveyor transfer encl
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High-volume, high-pressure sprays s
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Figure 5.19. Depiction of a bucket
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Figure 5.21. Depiction of two types
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Figure 5.25. Venturi eductor utiliz
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CHAPTER 6: BAGGINGThis chapter disc
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caused during manufacturing, includ
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Overall PerforationsThe use of over
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Figure 6.5. Open-top bag being load
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Bagging operators should be aware t
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Figure 6.8. Exhaust hood to capture
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In the original design, a single no
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The OASIS is a relatively simple de
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Figure 6.13. Bag storage shelves sh
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Figure 6.14. Bag and belt cleaner d
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other industrial application using
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The robotic arm automatic palletize
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For many years, this plastic wrappi
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warehouse location until a later ti
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used successfully to perform this c
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CHAPTER 7: BULK LOADINGDuring the b
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Figure 7.2. Loading spout discharge
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Cascading Loading SpoutFigure 7.5 i
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a seal at the entry and exit points
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REFERENCESBiere G, Swinderman RT, M
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Page 231 and 232: many years, as well as some new and
Page 233 and 234: Figure 8.2. Air spray manifold desi
Page 235 and 236: Figure 8.3. Test subject wearing po
Page 237 and 238: Spills of product material are a co
Page 239 and 240: epetitive dust leaks should not sim
Page 241 and 242: Effective Upward Airflow PatternThe
Page 243 and 244: Figure 8.8. Open-structure design c
Page 245 and 246: manually removing the bags and plac
Page 247 and 248: Figure 8.12. Increase in worker’s
Page 249 and 250: In other cases, an operation may wa
Page 251 and 252: Cecala AB, O'Brien AD, Pollock DE,
Page 253 and 254: 224 Controls for Secondary SourcesD
Page 255 and 256: where C o = outside respirable dust
Page 257 and 258: minimal improvement in the cab's ai
Page 259 and 260: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FILTRATION/PRES
Page 261 and 262: Effective FiltrationFigure 9.4. Res
Page 263 and 264: average decay times were between 16
Page 265 and 266: Figure 9.6. Filtration unit showing
Page 267 and 268: This table highlights a number of c
Page 269 and 270: NIOSH [2001b]. Technology news 486:
Page 271 and 272: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 273 and 274: upon the wind velocity (or disturba
Page 275 and 276: Maximum size is the largest particl
Page 277: Figure 10.4. Use of end-dumping wit
Page 281 and 282: A water truck, used to apply water
Page 283 and 284: Surfactants work by reducing the su
Page 285 and 286: which differed for the various site
Page 287 and 288: Figure 10.9. Self-tarping dump truc
Page 289 and 290: percent [Fryrear and Skidmore 1985]
Page 291 and 292: Figure 10.12. The armoring process
Page 293 and 294: A current method of stockpile forma
Page 295 and 296: Figure 10.15. Demonstration of how
Page 297 and 298: Chekan GJ, Cecala AB, Colinet JF [2
Page 299 and 300: Midwest Research Institute [1981].
Page 302 and 303: DUST CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR INDUSTRIA
Page 304 and 305: GLOSSARYAbrader. An implement used
Page 306 and 307: Carryback. Material that sticks or
Page 308 and 309: End-dumping. A process of spreading
Page 310 and 311: Open structure building design. A p
Page 312 and 313: Table bushing. A bushing used to se
Page 314: Delivering on the Nation’s promis
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