Extraction Technologies For Medicinal And Aromatic Plants - Unido

More documents

Recommendations

Info

9 SOLID PHASE MICRO-EXTRACTION AND HEADSPACE TRAPPING EXTRACTION 9.7.4.1.1 Preparation of Traps Traps were prepared using silane-treated glass tubing (79 mm x 6 mm) packed with 13 mg 60/80 mesh Tenax-TA (2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) polymers held in place by silanized glass wool. The traps were initially conditioned at 330° C for 2 h under nitrogen gas at a 20 ml/min fl ow rate. The traps were regenerated at 250° C for 1 h immediately before each purge-and-trap experiment. 9.7.4.1.2 Thermal Desorption Adsorbed volatile compounds were recovered from the trap directly inside the GC injector. The desorption time and temperature were previously determined. The injector temperature was 200° C and a loop of the analytical column at the injector end was immersed in a liquid nitrogen-fi lled Dewar fl ask to cryogenically trap the desorbed volatiles. Subsequently, the injector glass liner (insert) was replaced with the trap to desorb volatiles. Thermal desorption was carried out for 5 min with the split vent and septum purge closed. 9.7.4.2 Headspace of Hedychium coronium Hedychium coronium fl ower has a delicate, pleasant fragrance, but the essential oil and concrete extracted by traditional methods usually lose this fragrance. Thus, the headspace of the H. coronium fl ower was analyzed. The essential oil of H. coronium fl owers, which was absorbed by XAD-4 resin, eluted by organic solvent and concentrated, had a fragrance similar to the natural fragrance of H. coronarium fl owers. 9.7.4.3 Volatiles of White Hyacinths Isolated by Dynamic Headspace Trapping More than 70 constituents of white hyacinths can be identifi ed by GC and GC-MS. The principal constituents are benzyl acetate and (E,E)-α-farnesene. Beside these, sensorily important substances like indole, oct-1-en-3-ol and phenylacetaldehyde were identifi ed. Minor traces of three substituted pyrazines were detected by GC-sniffi ng. The advantages of the simultaneous closed-loop stripping technique using various adsorbing agents at the same time were demonstrated. By this method, artifact formation and discrimination of individual components can be determined 9.7.4.4 Medical Materials Testing by Headspace Trapping-GC-MS The new technology provided by the HS-40 Trap coupled with a sensitive detection method such as GC-MS allows volatile organic compounds in medical sutures to be analyzed easily at trace levels. Individual compounds present in the sutures can be analyzed by GC-MS and identifi ed 166
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS by a NIST library search of the acquired mass spectral data. The innovative, patent-pending, headspace trapping technology used in this application provides sensitivity beyond the capability of traditional static headspace. This presents a new level of detection capability for the evaluation of materials used in medical applications, as well as in other types of material testing, including pharmaceutical formulations and food-packaging fi lm. 9.8 Conclusions Advanced technologies such as SPME and headspace trapping extraction are well suited for the analysis of fl avor and fragrance compounds. The typically small, volatile compounds are easily extracted. The simplicity of the method allows easy coupling to analytical instruments. Loss of volatile compounds during sample preparation steps is minimized or eliminated, compared to conventional methods. These techniques are useful for semivolatile compounds, even though these were more challenging in the early years. With appropriate matrix modifi cation, one can take advantage of this analytical method, which provides signifi cant convenience for fi eld and air analyses. Bibliography Anonymous, 2006, On sampling, conditioning and gas handling. Available at: http:// www2.nose-network.org/members/3_Sampling.doc Anonymous, 2006, Welcome to the SPME. Available at: http://www.Sigmaaldrich. com/ Brands/Supelco_Home/Spotlights/SPME_central.html Mookherjee, B. D., 1998, A novel technology to study the emission of fragrances from skin, Perfumer & Flavorist, 23(11): 1-11 Rouseff, R. L. and Cadwallader, K. R. (eds.), 2001, Headspace Analysis of Foods and Flavors: Theory and Practice, Kleur Publishing: New York, p. 212 Snow, M. and Grecsek, H. 2006, Medical Materials Testing by Headspace Trap-GC/ MS. Available at: http://las.perkinelmer.com/Content/ApplicationNotes/FAR_ GCMSMedical Materials.pdf 167
Page 3 and 4:
Extraction Technologies for Medicin
Page 5:
Extraction Technologies for Medicin
Page 8 and 9:
CONTRIBUTORS Chapter 6 Aqueous Alco
Page 11 and 12:
Preface EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR
Page 13 and 14:
Contents EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FO
Page 15 and 16:
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICIN
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
1.2.1.4 Decoction EXTRACTION TECHNO
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
��
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
2.4 Conclusions EXTRACTION TECHNOLO
Page 71 and 72:
3 Abstract EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
3.6.3.1.2 Offi cial Extractor EXTRA
Page 85 and 86:
3.7 Infusion 3.7.1 General Consider
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
5.5.2.2 Hildebrandt Extractor EXTRA
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
• • • • • • • • •
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
6.2.7 Semisolids EXTRACTION TECHNOL
Page 115 and 116:
��
Page 117:
Bibliography EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIE
Page 120 and 121: 7 DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ESSEN
Page 133 and 134: EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICIN
Page 139 and 140: 8.3.3.3 Literature on MAE EXTRACTIO
Page 147: EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICIN
Page 150 and 151: 9 SOLID PHASE MICRO-EXTRACTION AND
Page 175 and 176: ��
Page 183 and 184: Plant name (part used) Saccharum sp
Page 195 and 196: • • • EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
Page 197: 11.9 Conclusions EXTRACTION TECHNOL
Page 200 and 201: 12 FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY AND LOW PRE
Page 214 and 215: 13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY C
Page 216 and 217: 13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY K
Page 218 and 219: 13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY 1
Page 220 and 221:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY a
Page 222 and 223:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY 1
Page 224 and 225:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY W
Page 226 and 227:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY S
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY
Page 232 and 233:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY E
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY F
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY H
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
14.4.3 TLC versus HPTLC Layers EXTR
Page 255 and 256:
14.4.7 Drying the Plate EXTRACTION
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
show all

Extraction Technologies For Medicinal And Aromatic Plants - Unido

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?