Extraction Technologies For Medicinal And Aromatic Plants - Unido

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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY along the length of the tube where the lighter phase occupies one end (called the head) and the heavier phase occupies the other end (called the tail). Although the cause of this bilateral hydrodynamic phase distribution of two immiscible solvents is still unknown, it can be effi ciently used for performing CCC. In Figure 5A the coil at the top shows bilateral hydrodynamic distribution of the two phases in the coil where the white phase (head phase) occupies the head half and the black phase (tail phase) the tail half. This condition clearly indicates that the white phase introduced at the tail end will move toward the head and similarly the black phase introduced at the head will move toward the tail. This hydrodynamic trend is effectively used for performing CCC (Figure 5B). The coil is fi rst entirely fi lled with the white phase followed by pumping the black phase from the head end (Figure 5B, top). Similarly, the coil is fi lled with the black phase followed by pumping the white phase from the tail (Figure 5B, bottom). In either case, the mobile phase quickly moves through the coil, leaving a large volume of the other phase stationary in the coil. A Bilateral Hydrodynamic Equilibrium in a Closed Coil Head Tail B One-Way Elution Modes Flow Head Tail Figure 5: Mechanism of HSCCC. (A) Bilateral hydrodynamic distribution of two phases in the coiled column. (B) Elution mode of both lighter and heavier phases through the rotating coiled column. • The motion and distribution of the two phases in the rotating coil were observed under stroboscopic illumination, and are illustrated in Figure 6A. • A spiral column undergoes type-J planetary motion. The area in the spiral column is divided into two zones: the mixing zone occupying about one-quarter of the area near the center of revolution and the settling zone in the rest of the area. • In Figure 6B, the spiral column is stretched and arranged according to the positions I–IV to visualize the motion of the mixing zones along the tubing. • Each mixing zone travels through the spiral column at a rate of one round per revolution. 216
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS • The solute in the spiral column is subjected to the repetitive partition process of mixing and settling at an enormously high rate of over 13 times per second (at 800 rpm). • HSCC is highly effi cient. Figure 6: (A) Motion and distribution of two phases in the rotating coil under stroboscopic illumination. (B) Column in stretched position to visualize the motion of the mixing zones along the tubing. There are numerous potential variants of this instrument design. The most signifi cant of these is represented by the third instrument in the Pharma-tech product line: TCC-1000-toroidal CCC (Figure 7). In some respects it is like CPC, but retains the advantage of not needing rotary seals. In addition, it employs a capillary tube, instead of the larger-diameter tubes employed in the helices of the other CCC models. This capillary passage makes the mixing of two phases very thorough, despite lack of any shaking or other mixing forces. Figure 7: The TCC-1000-toroidal CCC 217
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Extraction Technologies for Medicin
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Extraction Technologies for Medicin
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CONTRIBUTORS Chapter 6 Aqueous Alco
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Preface EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR
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Contents EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FO
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EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICIN
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1.2.1.4 Decoction EXTRACTION TECHNO
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2.4 Conclusions EXTRACTION TECHNOLO
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3 Abstract EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
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3.6.3.1.2 Offi cial Extractor EXTRA
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3.7 Infusion 3.7.1 General Consider
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5.5.2.2 Hildebrandt Extractor EXTRA
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6.2.7 Semisolids EXTRACTION TECHNOL
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Bibliography EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIE
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7 DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ESSEN
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8.3.3.3 Literature on MAE EXTRACTIO
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9 SOLID PHASE MICRO-EXTRACTION AND
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Extraction Technologies For Medicinal And Aromatic Plants - Unido

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