Extraction Technologies For Medicinal And Aromatic Plants - Unido

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2 ROLE OF PROCESS SIMULATION IN EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS �� 62 �� Figure 3: a) Fractional composition versus time, and b) Energy consumption versus time for the base case �� Figure 4 shows the same process in which the refl ux ratio is varied in order to obtain a constant composition at the top of the column. It is interesting to note that the distillation time as well as energy consumption are greatly reduced. �� Figure 4: a) Fractional composition versus time, and b) Energy consumption versus time for the constant composition case Figure 5 shows that a total separation of the oil constituents is achievable. �� Figure 5: a) Fractional composition versus time, and b) Energy consumption versus time for the total fractionation case These simulations show that, in the base case with a refl ux ratio of 15 and a high consumption of energy (Figure 4), the distillate accumulator collects a high percentage of pinene (93%). If a PID controller is introduced to maintain the concentration constant, the composition of pinene is around 90% and it takes only 12 h and a refl ux ratio of 5 to achieve the desired value, thus saving time and energy. In the case of complete fractionation, we can collect 93% of pinene, 88% of carene and 5.7% of dump products at the end of the process. ��
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS 2.3.4 Case Study: Menthol Recovery by Crystallization of Mentha Oil Crystallization from solution is an industrially important operation due to its ability to provide high-purity separations. The menthol crystallization process using menthe oil is rather simple, and consists of a cascade crystallization as shown in Figure 6. The objective of the simulation is to optimize the menthol crystallization process. The oil, composed of 75% menthol and also containing menthyl acetate, limonene and menthone (Table 1), is fed into the fi rst crystallizer where the temperature is 35° F. The menthol crystals produced here are separated by decantation. The decanted liquid is passed to the second crystallizer and the crystals obtained in this second stage are also separated from the liquid by decantation. Thus, the assumptions made are: (i) limonene is present in all the fractions, and (ii) the separation of solid material from the liquid portion is complete. Furthermore, the thermophysical properties of menthone and menthyl acetate are included in the software’s database. The feed stream conditions are: temperature, 80° F; pressure, 1 atm; and fl ow rate, 50 lb · mol/h. S1 Table 1: Major constituents of mentha oil Constituent Concentration Menthol 75% Menthyl acetate 11% Limonene 8% Menthone 6% CR1 S2 S3 SO1 S7 S6 Figure 6: Flowsheet for the menthol crystallization process 63 S8 CR2 S5 SO2 S4 S9
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Extraction Technologies for Medicin
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Extraction Technologies for Medicin
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CONTRIBUTORS Chapter 6 Aqueous Alco
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Preface EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR
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Contents EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FO
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Bibliography EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIE
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7 DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ESSEN
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EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICIN
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8.3.3.3 Literature on MAE EXTRACTIO
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9 SOLID PHASE MICRO-EXTRACTION AND
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Plant name (part used) Saccharum sp
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• • • EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
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11.9 Conclusions EXTRACTION TECHNOL
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12 FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY AND LOW PRE
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY C
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY K
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY 1
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY a
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY W
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY S
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY E
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY F
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13 COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY H
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14.4.3 TLC versus HPTLC Layers EXTR
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14.4.7 Drying the Plate EXTRACTION
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