Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

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Overview• Resolutions and declarations– Post - World War II development– Principles can be contained in them• Adopted by unanimous vote or consensus• Formulated as norms and requirements of state behavior– Sometimes in juridical terms of obligations and rights• Controversial– Can be challenges to the existing order– Very often regarding resource disparity and wealthdistribution• Widely divided opinion regarding nature and status• Very specific case and circumstance dependent
Different Kinds• Purports to state legal rules– Elaboration of U.N. Charter• Addressed by special committees, subsidiary organs or secretariatsts– e.g., Declaration of Legal Principles Principles Governing the Activities ies ofStates in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space– Affirmational resolutions not designated as "declarations"• e.g., Affirmation of the Principles of International Law Recognized by theCharter of the Nürnberg Tribunal• Not intended to express legal rights andobligations– E.g. Universal Declaration of Human Rights• Expressly stated "as a common standard of achievement"
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PROCEEDINGSUnited Nations/Republic
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This document has not been formally
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IntroductionIn 1999, the Third Unit
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Governmental Official SegmentIntrod
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Opening Statements
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At the close of the workshop in The
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key treaties, new developments in s
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us to take another big step in our
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Closing RemarksI believe that this
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It is within this context that, tog
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United StatesNational Aeronauticsan
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Space Act Origins -Political Climat
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Space Act Origins - CivilianSpace A
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Scope of theSpace Act Act carefully
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Space Act: Variety of Applications
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Section 203(a): NASA shall:Applicat
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Application ofSpace Act Section 203
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JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATIONAGENCYUn
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JAXA Organizational StructurePresid
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Medium-term Plan (Services to the P
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Principles for Consolidation Priori
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Next Generation Main Launch Vehicle
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Using Space Technology to Help our
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Supporting the Development of Domes
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Launch ScheduleJFY 2003 JFY 2004 JF
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2ContentsI. Space related Organizat
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Space Organizations and Institution
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6► KARI (Korea Aerospace Research
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8II. National Space ProjectsPast Pr
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Earth Observation SatelliteNational
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12OMPSAT - IOSMI Image
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14Sounding RocketNational space pro
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Earth Observation SatelliteNational
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Geo-Stationary SatelliteNational sp
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III. Long-Term Space Plan1999KOMPSA
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IV. Current IssuesSpace Law► Kore
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Current issue25Future National Sche
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CURRENT SCENARIO• Uncoordinated a
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RELEVANT ISSUES• Legal and admini
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ADMINISTRATIVEINFRASTRUCTUREGoal :
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NATIONAL SPACE AGENCYImplementation
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UNITED NATIONS/REPUBLIC OF KOREAWOR
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The Space Activities ActThe objecti
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Space Licensing & Safety OfficeResp
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Australian Government Space Forum
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Ensuring Access to Space Services
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Growing the Private Sector• Satel
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operation: the Indian National Sate
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The trust areas of the proposed pol
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“Outer space was a new field and
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Another important forum in discussi
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interest in the utilization of spac
Page 123 and 124: 1.3. Other Governmental Institution
Page 125 and 126: United Nations / Republic of KoreaW
Page 127 and 128: The Strategy• The development and
Page 129 and 130: Operational applications to support
Page 131 and 132: Training & Education Activities of
Page 133 and 134: Participants Trained in GIS and Rem
Page 135 and 136: A particular importance to the COPU
Page 137 and 138: The awarenessMorocco continues its
Page 139 and 140: The technical needs• UN or Agenci
Page 141 and 142: ___________________________________
Page 143 and 144: 1. National Space Policy Internatio
Page 145 and 146: Thailand supports and has participa
Page 147 and 148: Main ActivitiesFollowing the object
Page 149 and 150: Origins and Characteristics of theS
Page 151 and 152: Origins and Characteristics ofthe S
Page 161 and 162: The Spirit and Letterof the Law•
Page 163 and 164: "Province of All Mankind"• Not th
Page 165 and 166: NonappropriationNo national appropr
Page 167 and 168: "Peaceful Purposes"on Celestial Bod
Page 169 and 170: • International law applies- Spac
Page 171 and 172: Questions,Comments?
Page 173: Principles Adopted bythe General As
Page 177 and 178: How Are They Construed?Case-byby-ca
Page 179 and 180: • Pre- and postExamination of Vot
Page 181 and 182: Space Declarationsand Resolutions
Page 183 and 184: Space Principles Adopted bythe Gene
Page 185 and 186: Declaration of Legal PrinciplesGove
Page 187 and 188: Direct Television• AddressesBroad
Page 189 and 190: Remote Sensing Principles• “Pri
Page 191 and 192: Remote Sensing PrinciplesObligation
Page 193 and 194: Principles on Nuclear Power• Gene
Page 195 and 196: Principles on Nuclear Power Sources
Page 197 and 198: Declaration on International Cooper
Page 199 and 200: Declaration onInternational Coopera
Page 201 and 202: Questions,Comments?
Page 203 and 204: ContentsINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OFA
Page 209 and 210: A. Non-appropriationINTERNATIONAL I
Page 211 and 212: C. Free for exploration &useINTERNA
Page 213 and 214: E. Internationalco-operationINTERNA
Page 215 and 216: 4. State responsibility,liability &
Page 217 and 218: B. State liability:Article VIIINTER
Page 219 and 220: C. Registration spaceobjects & juri
Page 221 and 222: A. Military usageINTERNATIONAL INST
Page 223 and 224: C. Role IGO’sINTERNATIONAL INSTIT
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6. Formal clausesINTERNATIONAL INST
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7. The OST in a widercontextINTERNA
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What is ‘space law’? (2)INTERNA
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N.B.: ‘space activities’INTERNA
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the need for the general principles
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3. Obligations relating to Rescue a
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a) Rescue operations within the jur
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then it has to bear the expenses it
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Two, compulsory settlement of dispu
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Liability Conventionand national li
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Liability Convention and national l
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These agreements may• put the ris
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ConclusionsLiability Convention and
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Conclusions (3)Liability Convention
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Space Law Specialist segment
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Table of ContentsPART IOverview upo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Inherent Limitation Absence of lega
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Part IIProperty Rights through the
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Civil Law Concept of Property The R
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Case for right to use without owner
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Property Rights and Market Proposes
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Efficiency in the property rights r
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Merit of Law & Economics Paradigm I
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Property rights allowed in the comm
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SystemTransponder Number36-MHz unit
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Implication of the property rights
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Concluding Remarks and Discussion
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Discussion points As an appropriati
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RUSSIAN FEDERAL LAW ON COMMERCIAL S
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Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
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who are of the opinion that only na
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3. ConclusionHere, I would like to
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In this commentary paper, what I wo
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Table of Contents1 Interpretation o
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Status of Outer Space TreatyIf Oute
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Implication of non-appropriationof
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Why private appropriationprohibited
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Obligation of StatesArt. I Free acc
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Analogy of Deep Seabed (1)Moon Trea
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De Facto Appropriation?OST Art. 8St
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Current Legal SituationCelestial Bo
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Example of Territorial Claim1 1976
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Measures taken by the authorities
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Towards Equitable Uses of OuterSpac
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Equitable Uses of Space (3)Other Ch
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Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
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The validity of this principle can
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The Outer Space Treaty sets forth c
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Art VI of Outer Space TreatyArticle
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VI Outer Space Treaty can be an imp
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A Commentary to the Article VI of t
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According to my personal opinion, S
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Nevertheless, the bearing of the re
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Article VII (International Responsi
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Article VI of the OST: General Feat
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Article VI of the OST: General Feat
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Article VI: Qualification of nation
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Article VI: The appropriate State
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Article VI : the obligation of auth
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Rescue Agreement1968 Rescue Agreeme
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Agreement. Any dispute would theref
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high seas. It imposes an obligation
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that the Launching Authority is und
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Finally, even though it can be argu
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3. The Permanent Mission of the Uni
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Discussion Paper:1968 Rescue Agreem
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Status on 1 September 2003• 88 St
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States with Obligations• Articles
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Scope of Application• Rescue Agre
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Rescue & Return of Astronauts• Ar
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Search & Rescue within territory of
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Return of AstronautsArticle 4• Im
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Recovery & Return of Space ObjectsA
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Expenses of Recovery & Return• Ar
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Rescue Agreement andCustomary Inter
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Reasons for Ratification - 11. Alth
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Reasons for Ratification - 33. The
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Conclusions• The provisions in th
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Second, an increasing number of sta
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not claim any reparation from Germa
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IV.Other Questions on the Rescue Ag
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Commentary to the DiscussionPaper
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1 Desirability of universalacceptan
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Increasing Commercial Uses ofOuter
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The necessity of expressconditions
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2 Rescue Agreement ascustomary inte
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Express Case (2)15 Jan. 1995 launch
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Easiness acceding to the RescueAgre
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Points Considered (2)Art. 4 shall b
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Current situation easier to ratifyt
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(1) Launching state 2States which p
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(2) Prospective Space AssetsProtoco
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The status of int’l organization1
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Liability Convention and National L
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with any certainty the extent of th
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“In the event of damage being cau
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influence over the operation and co
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the definition of “space objects
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entry of Cosmos-954 would be a reco
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present a claim. 97 If neither Stat
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Both the Australian and the Russian
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space object from the United Kingdo
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Figure 1. Summary of Liability Issu
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due diligence was exercised. 142 In
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place in international maritime and
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RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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Liability Convention1972 Liability
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Suborbitals / A ttem p tsSuborbital
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FaultArticle III of th e Liability
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Direct Dam ageLost time andearnings
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Moralan d Punitive Dam agesThe Unit
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Procedure:Right to ClaimRight to cl
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Dom estic ResponsesThe Liability Co
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Launching StateMost States refer to
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Com pulsory In su ran ceU.S.law req
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RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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IntroductionSpace Activities import
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Liability ProvisionsArt. I Introduc
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1. ApproachArt. I - define damageCa
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Domestic ImplementationA. Provision
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ConclusionThe Liability Convention
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informed research on the Convention
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1.4. Application of Article VIII of
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1. Provision of InformationArticle
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and with opinio juris after ratific
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Registration Convention• 12 Artic
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The Need for Revisions• Clarifica
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Launching state: transfer ofownersh
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Launching state: procurement• Dis
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Space object• The status of those
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Provision of information• Article
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Customary law• 45 parties; some a
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Conclusion• An important legislat
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2. The Rescue AgreementThe Workshop
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Annex IIProgrammeMonday, 3 November
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19:00 ReceptionTuesday, 4 November
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16:20 - 18:00Meeting Room (M-118)Go
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09:30 - 10:40Discussion and Observa
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Annex IIIUnited Nations/Republic of
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Family Name, FirstName20. Chung, Wo
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Family Name, FirstName40. Kang, San
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Family Name, FirstName61. Lee, Whie
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Family Name, FirstName80. Shin, Kak
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United Nations Office for Outer Spa
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