Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

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3. The Status of International OrganizationSince the Rescue Agreement entered into force in the 1960’s, the treatment ofinternational governmental organization (IGO) may not be satisfactory in today’s evaluation.However, that limitation should not be exaggerated as a problem. Up to now, 88 states are parties,in many cases, all an IGO has to do is to declare the acceptance of the treaty conditions to be aParty (Article 6).ConclusionFinally, I would like to underscore again that in an era of increasing manned andcommercial space activities, it would be to the benefit of any sovereign state to be a ContractingParty to the Rescue Agreement.
Commentary to the DiscussionPaper “1968 Rescue Agreement –An Overview” by Prof. BeckmanNov.3, 2003Setsuko AokiJapan
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PROCEEDINGSUnited Nations/Republic
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This document has not been formally
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IntroductionIn 1999, the Third Unit
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Governmental Official SegmentIntrod
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Opening Statements
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At the close of the workshop in The
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key treaties, new developments in s
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us to take another big step in our
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Closing RemarksI believe that this
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It is within this context that, tog
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United StatesNational Aeronauticsan
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Space Act Origins -Political Climat
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Space Act Origins - CivilianSpace A
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Scope of theSpace Act Act carefully
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Space Act: Variety of Applications
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Section 203(a): NASA shall:Applicat
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Application ofSpace Act Section 203
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JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATIONAGENCYUn
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JAXA Organizational StructurePresid
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Medium-term Plan (Services to the P
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Principles for Consolidation Priori
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Next Generation Main Launch Vehicle
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Using Space Technology to Help our
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Supporting the Development of Domes
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Launch ScheduleJFY 2003 JFY 2004 JF
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2ContentsI. Space related Organizat
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Space Organizations and Institution
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6► KARI (Korea Aerospace Research
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8II. National Space ProjectsPast Pr
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Earth Observation SatelliteNational
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12OMPSAT - IOSMI Image
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14Sounding RocketNational space pro
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Earth Observation SatelliteNational
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Geo-Stationary SatelliteNational sp
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III. Long-Term Space Plan1999KOMPSA
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IV. Current IssuesSpace Law► Kore
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Current issue25Future National Sche
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CURRENT SCENARIO• Uncoordinated a
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RELEVANT ISSUES• Legal and admini
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ADMINISTRATIVEINFRASTRUCTUREGoal :
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NATIONAL SPACE AGENCYImplementation
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UNITED NATIONS/REPUBLIC OF KOREAWOR
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The Space Activities ActThe objecti
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Space Licensing & Safety OfficeResp
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Australian Government Space Forum
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Ensuring Access to Space Services
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Growing the Private Sector• Satel
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operation: the Indian National Sate
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The trust areas of the proposed pol
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“Outer space was a new field and
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Another important forum in discussi
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interest in the utilization of spac
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1.3. Other Governmental Institution
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United Nations / Republic of KoreaW
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The Strategy• The development and
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Operational applications to support
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Training & Education Activities of
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Participants Trained in GIS and Rem
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A particular importance to the COPU
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The awarenessMorocco continues its
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The technical needs• UN or Agenci
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1. National Space Policy Internatio
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Thailand supports and has participa
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Main ActivitiesFollowing the object
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Origins and Characteristics of theS
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Origins and Characteristics ofthe S
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The Spirit and Letterof the Law•
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"Province of All Mankind"• Not th
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NonappropriationNo national appropr
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"Peaceful Purposes"on Celestial Bod
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• International law applies- Spac
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Questions,Comments?
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Principles Adopted bythe General As
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Different Kinds• Purports to stat
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How Are They Construed?Case-byby-ca
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• Pre- and postExamination of Vot
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Space Declarationsand Resolutions
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Space Principles Adopted bythe Gene
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Declaration of Legal PrinciplesGove
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Direct Television• AddressesBroad
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Remote Sensing Principles• “Pri
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Remote Sensing PrinciplesObligation
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Principles on Nuclear Power• Gene
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Principles on Nuclear Power Sources
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Declaration on International Cooper
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Declaration onInternational Coopera
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Questions,Comments?
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ContentsINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OFA
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A. Non-appropriationINTERNATIONAL I
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C. Free for exploration &useINTERNA
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E. Internationalco-operationINTERNA
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4. State responsibility,liability &
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B. State liability:Article VIIINTER
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C. Registration spaceobjects & juri
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A. Military usageINTERNATIONAL INST
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C. Role IGO’sINTERNATIONAL INSTIT
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6. Formal clausesINTERNATIONAL INST
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7. The OST in a widercontextINTERNA
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What is ‘space law’? (2)INTERNA
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N.B.: ‘space activities’INTERNA
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the need for the general principles
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3. Obligations relating to Rescue a
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a) Rescue operations within the jur
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then it has to bear the expenses it
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Two, compulsory settlement of dispu
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Liability Conventionand national li
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Liability Convention and national l
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These agreements may• put the ris
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ConclusionsLiability Convention and
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Conclusions (3)Liability Convention
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Space Law Specialist segment
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Table of ContentsPART IOverview upo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Inherent Limitation Absence of lega
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Part IIProperty Rights through the
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Civil Law Concept of Property The R
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Case for right to use without owner
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Property Rights and Market Proposes
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Efficiency in the property rights r
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Merit of Law & Economics Paradigm I
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Property rights allowed in the comm
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SystemTransponder Number36-MHz unit
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Implication of the property rights
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Concluding Remarks and Discussion
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Discussion points As an appropriati
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RUSSIAN FEDERAL LAW ON COMMERCIAL S
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Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
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who are of the opinion that only na
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3. ConclusionHere, I would like to
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In this commentary paper, what I wo
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Table of Contents1 Interpretation o
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Status of Outer Space TreatyIf Oute
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Implication of non-appropriationof
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Why private appropriationprohibited
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Obligation of StatesArt. I Free acc
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Analogy of Deep Seabed (1)Moon Trea
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De Facto Appropriation?OST Art. 8St
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Current Legal SituationCelestial Bo
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Example of Territorial Claim1 1976
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Measures taken by the authorities
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Towards Equitable Uses of OuterSpac
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Equitable Uses of Space (3)Other Ch
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Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
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The validity of this principle can
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The Outer Space Treaty sets forth c
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Art VI of Outer Space TreatyArticle
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VI Outer Space Treaty can be an imp
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A Commentary to the Article VI of t
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According to my personal opinion, S
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Nevertheless, the bearing of the re
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Article VII (International Responsi
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Article VI of the OST: General Feat
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Page 373 and 374: Article VI: Qualification of nation
Page 375 and 376: Article VI: The appropriate State
Page 377 and 378: Article VI : the obligation of auth
Page 379 and 380: Rescue Agreement1968 Rescue Agreeme
Page 381 and 382: Agreement. Any dispute would theref
Page 383 and 384: high seas. It imposes an obligation
Page 385 and 386: that the Launching Authority is und
Page 387 and 388: Finally, even though it can be argu
Page 389 and 390: 3. The Permanent Mission of the Uni
Page 391 and 392: Discussion Paper:1968 Rescue Agreem
Page 393 and 394: Status on 1 September 2003• 88 St
Page 395 and 396: States with Obligations• Articles
Page 397 and 398: Scope of Application• Rescue Agre
Page 399 and 400: Rescue & Return of Astronauts• Ar
Page 401 and 402: Search & Rescue within territory of
Page 403 and 404: Return of AstronautsArticle 4• Im
Page 405 and 406: Recovery & Return of Space ObjectsA
Page 407 and 408: Expenses of Recovery & Return• Ar
Page 409 and 410: Rescue Agreement andCustomary Inter
Page 411 and 412: Reasons for Ratification - 11. Alth
Page 413 and 414: Reasons for Ratification - 33. The
Page 415 and 416: Conclusions• The provisions in th
Page 417 and 418: Second, an increasing number of sta
Page 419 and 420: not claim any reparation from Germa
Page 421: IV.Other Questions on the Rescue Ag
Page 425 and 426: 1 Desirability of universalacceptan
Page 427 and 428: Increasing Commercial Uses ofOuter
Page 429 and 430: The necessity of expressconditions
Page 431 and 432: 2 Rescue Agreement ascustomary inte
Page 433 and 434: Express Case (2)15 Jan. 1995 launch
Page 435 and 436: Easiness acceding to the RescueAgre
Page 437 and 438: Points Considered (2)Art. 4 shall b
Page 439 and 440: Current situation easier to ratifyt
Page 441 and 442: (1) Launching state 2States which p
Page 443 and 444: (2) Prospective Space AssetsProtoco
Page 445 and 446: The status of int’l organization1
Page 447 and 448: Liability Convention and National L
Page 449 and 450: with any certainty the extent of th
Page 451 and 452: “In the event of damage being cau
Page 453 and 454: influence over the operation and co
Page 455 and 456: the definition of “space objects
Page 457 and 458: entry of Cosmos-954 would be a reco
Page 459 and 460: present a claim. 97 If neither Stat
Page 461 and 462: Both the Australian and the Russian
Page 463 and 464: space object from the United Kingdo
Page 465 and 466: Figure 1. Summary of Liability Issu
Page 467 and 468: due diligence was exercised. 142 In
Page 469 and 470: place in international maritime and
Page 471 and 472: RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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Liability Convention1972 Liability
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Suborbitals / A ttem p tsSuborbital
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FaultArticle III of th e Liability
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Direct Dam ageLost time andearnings
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Moralan d Punitive Dam agesThe Unit
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Procedure:Right to ClaimRight to cl
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Dom estic ResponsesThe Liability Co
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Launching StateMost States refer to
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Com pulsory In su ran ceU.S.law req
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RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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IntroductionSpace Activities import
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Liability ProvisionsArt. I Introduc
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1. ApproachArt. I - define damageCa
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Domestic ImplementationA. Provision
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ConclusionThe Liability Convention
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informed research on the Convention
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1.4. Application of Article VIII of
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1. Provision of InformationArticle
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and with opinio juris after ratific
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Registration Convention• 12 Artic
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The Need for Revisions• Clarifica
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Launching state: transfer ofownersh
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Launching state: procurement• Dis
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Space object• The status of those
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Provision of information• Article
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Customary law• 45 parties; some a
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Conclusion• An important legislat
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2. The Rescue AgreementThe Workshop
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Annex IIProgrammeMonday, 3 November
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19:00 ReceptionTuesday, 4 November
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16:20 - 18:00Meeting Room (M-118)Go
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09:30 - 10:40Discussion and Observa
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Annex IIIUnited Nations/Republic of
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Family Name, FirstName20. Chung, Wo
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Family Name, FirstName40. Kang, San
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Family Name, FirstName61. Lee, Whie
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Family Name, FirstName80. Shin, Kak
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United Nations Office for Outer Spa
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