Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Conclusion1968 Rescue AgreementThe contents customary nature acquiredindispensable in the era of increasing mannedand commercial space activitiesPackage rights and obligations thanks toLiability and Registration ConventionMore acceptance highly recommended
Liability Convention and National Licensing regimesThe Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused bySpace Objects and the Domestic Regulatory Responses to itsImplicationsRicky J. LeeLecturerSchool of Law, University of Western Sydney, AustraliaIntroductionThe fundamental concern of any enterprise in outer space would likely be liability. Fromthe very beginnings of international space law, it has been recognised that States would have toaccept international liability for any damage or injury they cause to third parties through theconduct of space activities. This is partly because space activities have been regarded by theinternational community as being inherently risky and dangerous and, consequently, third partyStates should be protected from any injury, loss or damage suffered as a result of the conduct ofactivities in outer space.When the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration andUse of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (the “Outer Space Treaty”)was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1968, space activities were the exclusivedomain of the Soviet Union and the United States. 39 This remained the case when the Conventionon International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects (the “Liability Convention”) wasadopted in 1972. 40 At the time, there were no international joint efforts, even less the participationof the private sector, in space activities. Three decades later, however, most space activities todayare conducted by commercial concerns operating on a multinational level. The United Nationsspace treaties, in particular the Liability Convention, are proving to be inadequate in addressingthe issues of third party liability, private space activities and the settlement of disputes.The privatisation and commercialisation of space activities in recent decades haveprompted several States to pass on their international liability for private space activities to thelaunch operators. In order to comprehensively assess the liability regime applicable to privatespace activities, it is necessary not only to consider the international treaties but also the relevantdomestic legislation concerning space activities.39 (1967) 610 U.N.T.S. 205; 6 I.L.M. 386.40 (1972) 961 U.N.T.S. 187; 10 I.L.M. 965.
Page 1 and 2:
PROCEEDINGSUnited Nations/Republic
Page 3 and 4:
This document has not been formally
Page 5 and 6:
IntroductionIn 1999, the Third Unit
Page 8 and 9:
Governmental Official SegmentIntrod
Page 10 and 11:
Opening Statements
Page 12 and 13:
At the close of the workshop in The
Page 14 and 15:
key treaties, new developments in s
Page 16 and 17:
us to take another big step in our
Page 18 and 19:
Closing RemarksI believe that this
Page 20 and 21:
It is within this context that, tog
Page 22 and 23:
United StatesNational Aeronauticsan
Page 24 and 25:
Space Act Origins -Political Climat
Page 26 and 27:
Space Act Origins - CivilianSpace A
Page 28 and 29:
Scope of theSpace Act Act carefully
Page 30 and 31:
Space Act: Variety of Applications
Page 32 and 33:
Section 203(a): NASA shall:Applicat
Page 34 and 35:
Application ofSpace Act Section 203
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
___________________________________
Page 42 and 43:
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATIONAGENCYUn
Page 44 and 45:
JAXA Organizational StructurePresid
Page 46 and 47:
Medium-term Plan (Services to the P
Page 48 and 49:
Principles for Consolidation Priori
Page 50 and 51:
Next Generation Main Launch Vehicle
Page 52 and 53:
Using Space Technology to Help our
Page 54 and 55:
Supporting the Development of Domes
Page 56 and 57:
Launch ScheduleJFY 2003 JFY 2004 JF
Page 58 and 59:
2ContentsI. Space related Organizat
Page 60 and 61:
Space Organizations and Institution
Page 62 and 63:
6► KARI (Korea Aerospace Research
Page 64 and 65:
8II. National Space ProjectsPast Pr
Page 66 and 67:
Earth Observation SatelliteNational
Page 68 and 69:
12OMPSAT - IOSMI Image
Page 70 and 71:
14Sounding RocketNational space pro
Page 72 and 73:
Earth Observation SatelliteNational
Page 74 and 75:
Geo-Stationary SatelliteNational sp
Page 77 and 78:
III. Long-Term Space Plan1999KOMPSA
Page 79 and 80:
IV. Current IssuesSpace Law► Kore
Page 81 and 82:
Current issue25Future National Sche
Page 83 and 84:
CURRENT SCENARIO• Uncoordinated a
Page 85 and 86:
RELEVANT ISSUES• Legal and admini
Page 87 and 88:
ADMINISTRATIVEINFRASTRUCTUREGoal :
Page 89 and 90:
NATIONAL SPACE AGENCYImplementation
Page 91:
UNITED NATIONS/REPUBLIC OF KOREAWOR
Page 99 and 100:
The Space Activities ActThe objecti
Page 101 and 102:
Space Licensing & Safety OfficeResp
Page 103 and 104:
Australian Government Space Forum
Page 105 and 106:
Ensuring Access to Space Services
Page 107 and 108:
Growing the Private Sector• Satel
Page 109 and 110:
___________________________________
Page 111 and 112:
operation: the Indian National Sate
Page 113 and 114:
The trust areas of the proposed pol
Page 115 and 116:
“Outer space was a new field and
Page 117 and 118:
___________________________________
Page 119 and 120:
Another important forum in discussi
Page 121 and 122:
interest in the utilization of spac
Page 123 and 124:
1.3. Other Governmental Institution
Page 125 and 126:
United Nations / Republic of KoreaW
Page 127 and 128:
The Strategy• The development and
Page 129 and 130:
Operational applications to support
Page 131 and 132:
Training & Education Activities of
Page 133 and 134:
Participants Trained in GIS and Rem
Page 135 and 136:
A particular importance to the COPU
Page 137 and 138:
The awarenessMorocco continues its
Page 139 and 140:
The technical needs• UN or Agenci
Page 141 and 142:
___________________________________
Page 143 and 144:
1. National Space Policy Internatio
Page 145 and 146:
Thailand supports and has participa
Page 147 and 148:
Main ActivitiesFollowing the object
Page 149 and 150:
Origins and Characteristics of theS
Page 151 and 152:
Origins and Characteristics ofthe S
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
The Spirit and Letterof the Law•
Page 163 and 164:
"Province of All Mankind"• Not th
Page 165 and 166:
NonappropriationNo national appropr
Page 167 and 168:
"Peaceful Purposes"on Celestial Bod
Page 169 and 170:
• International law applies- Spac
Page 171 and 172:
Questions,Comments?
Page 173 and 174:
Principles Adopted bythe General As
Page 175 and 176:
Different Kinds• Purports to stat
Page 177 and 178:
How Are They Construed?Case-byby-ca
Page 179 and 180:
• Pre- and postExamination of Vot
Page 181 and 182:
Space Declarationsand Resolutions
Page 183 and 184:
Space Principles Adopted bythe Gene
Page 185 and 186:
Declaration of Legal PrinciplesGove
Page 187 and 188:
Direct Television• AddressesBroad
Page 189 and 190:
Remote Sensing Principles• “Pri
Page 191 and 192:
Remote Sensing PrinciplesObligation
Page 193 and 194:
Principles on Nuclear Power• Gene
Page 195 and 196:
Principles on Nuclear Power Sources
Page 197 and 198:
Declaration on International Cooper
Page 199 and 200:
Declaration onInternational Coopera
Page 201 and 202:
Questions,Comments?
Page 203 and 204:
ContentsINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OFA
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
A. Non-appropriationINTERNATIONAL I
Page 211 and 212:
C. Free for exploration &useINTERNA
Page 213 and 214:
E. Internationalco-operationINTERNA
Page 215 and 216:
4. State responsibility,liability &
Page 217 and 218:
B. State liability:Article VIIINTER
Page 219 and 220:
C. Registration spaceobjects & juri
Page 221 and 222:
A. Military usageINTERNATIONAL INST
Page 223 and 224:
C. Role IGO’sINTERNATIONAL INSTIT
Page 225 and 226:
6. Formal clausesINTERNATIONAL INST
Page 227 and 228:
7. The OST in a widercontextINTERNA
Page 229 and 230:
What is ‘space law’? (2)INTERNA
Page 231 and 232:
N.B.: ‘space activities’INTERNA
Page 233 and 234:
___________________________________
Page 235 and 236:
the need for the general principles
Page 237 and 238:
3. Obligations relating to Rescue a
Page 239 and 240:
a) Rescue operations within the jur
Page 241 and 242:
then it has to bear the expenses it
Page 243 and 244:
Two, compulsory settlement of dispu
Page 245 and 246:
Liability Conventionand national li
Page 247 and 248:
Liability Convention and national l
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
These agreements may• put the ris
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
ConclusionsLiability Convention and
Page 283 and 284:
Conclusions (3)Liability Convention
Page 285 and 286:
Space Law Specialist segment
Page 287 and 288:
Table of ContentsPART IOverview upo
Page 289 and 290:
Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
Page 291 and 292:
Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
Page 293 and 294:
Inherent Limitation Absence of lega
Page 295 and 296:
Part IIProperty Rights through the
Page 297 and 298:
Civil Law Concept of Property The R
Page 299 and 300:
Case for right to use without owner
Page 301 and 302:
Property Rights and Market Proposes
Page 303 and 304:
Efficiency in the property rights r
Page 305 and 306:
Merit of Law & Economics Paradigm I
Page 307 and 308:
Property rights allowed in the comm
Page 309 and 310:
SystemTransponder Number36-MHz unit
Page 311 and 312:
Implication of the property rights
Page 313 and 314:
Concluding Remarks and Discussion
Page 315 and 316:
Discussion points As an appropriati
Page 317 and 318:
RUSSIAN FEDERAL LAW ON COMMERCIAL S
Page 319 and 320:
Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
Page 321 and 322:
who are of the opinion that only na
Page 323 and 324:
3. ConclusionHere, I would like to
Page 325 and 326:
In this commentary paper, what I wo
Page 327 and 328:
Table of Contents1 Interpretation o
Page 329 and 330:
Status of Outer Space TreatyIf Oute
Page 331 and 332:
Implication of non-appropriationof
Page 333 and 334:
Why private appropriationprohibited
Page 335 and 336:
Obligation of StatesArt. I Free acc
Page 337 and 338:
Analogy of Deep Seabed (1)Moon Trea
Page 339 and 340:
De Facto Appropriation?OST Art. 8St
Page 341 and 342:
Current Legal SituationCelestial Bo
Page 343 and 344:
Example of Territorial Claim1 1976
Page 345 and 346:
Measures taken by the authorities
Page 347 and 348:
Towards Equitable Uses of OuterSpac
Page 349 and 350:
Equitable Uses of Space (3)Other Ch
Page 351 and 352:
Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
Page 353 and 354:
The validity of this principle can
Page 355 and 356:
The Outer Space Treaty sets forth c
Page 357 and 358:
Art VI of Outer Space TreatyArticle
Page 359 and 360:
VI Outer Space Treaty can be an imp
Page 361 and 362:
A Commentary to the Article VI of t
Page 363 and 364:
According to my personal opinion, S
Page 365 and 366:
Nevertheless, the bearing of the re
Page 367 and 368:
Article VII (International Responsi
Page 369 and 370:
Article VI of the OST: General Feat
Page 371 and 372:
Article VI of the OST: General Feat
Page 373 and 374:
Article VI: Qualification of nation
Page 375 and 376:
Article VI: The appropriate State
Page 377 and 378:
Article VI : the obligation of auth
Page 379 and 380:
Rescue Agreement1968 Rescue Agreeme
Page 381 and 382:
Agreement. Any dispute would theref
Page 383 and 384:
high seas. It imposes an obligation
Page 385 and 386:
that the Launching Authority is und
Page 387 and 388:
Finally, even though it can be argu
Page 389 and 390:
3. The Permanent Mission of the Uni
Page 391 and 392:
Discussion Paper:1968 Rescue Agreem
Page 393 and 394:
Status on 1 September 2003• 88 St
Page 395 and 396: States with Obligations• Articles
Page 397 and 398: Scope of Application• Rescue Agre
Page 399 and 400: Rescue & Return of Astronauts• Ar
Page 401 and 402: Search & Rescue within territory of
Page 403 and 404: Return of AstronautsArticle 4• Im
Page 405 and 406: Recovery & Return of Space ObjectsA
Page 407 and 408: Expenses of Recovery & Return• Ar
Page 409 and 410: Rescue Agreement andCustomary Inter
Page 411 and 412: Reasons for Ratification - 11. Alth
Page 413 and 414: Reasons for Ratification - 33. The
Page 415 and 416: Conclusions• The provisions in th
Page 417 and 418: Second, an increasing number of sta
Page 419 and 420: not claim any reparation from Germa
Page 421 and 422: IV.Other Questions on the Rescue Ag
Page 423 and 424: Commentary to the DiscussionPaper
Page 425 and 426: 1 Desirability of universalacceptan
Page 427 and 428: Increasing Commercial Uses ofOuter
Page 429 and 430: The necessity of expressconditions
Page 431 and 432: 2 Rescue Agreement ascustomary inte
Page 433 and 434: Express Case (2)15 Jan. 1995 launch
Page 435 and 436: Easiness acceding to the RescueAgre
Page 437 and 438: Points Considered (2)Art. 4 shall b
Page 439 and 440: Current situation easier to ratifyt
Page 441 and 442: (1) Launching state 2States which p
Page 443 and 444: (2) Prospective Space AssetsProtoco
Page 445: The status of int’l organization1
Page 449 and 450: with any certainty the extent of th
Page 451 and 452: “In the event of damage being cau
Page 453 and 454: influence over the operation and co
Page 455 and 456: the definition of “space objects
Page 457 and 458: entry of Cosmos-954 would be a reco
Page 459 and 460: present a claim. 97 If neither Stat
Page 461 and 462: Both the Australian and the Russian
Page 463 and 464: space object from the United Kingdo
Page 465 and 466: Figure 1. Summary of Liability Issu
Page 467 and 468: due diligence was exercised. 142 In
Page 469 and 470: place in international maritime and
Page 471 and 472: RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
Page 473 and 474: Liability Convention1972 Liability
Page 475 and 476: Suborbitals / A ttem p tsSuborbital
Page 477 and 478: FaultArticle III of th e Liability
Page 479 and 480: Direct Dam ageLost time andearnings
Page 481 and 482: Moralan d Punitive Dam agesThe Unit
Page 483 and 484: Procedure:Right to ClaimRight to cl
Page 485 and 486: Dom estic ResponsesThe Liability Co
Page 487 and 488: Launching StateMost States refer to
Page 489 and 490: Com pulsory In su ran ceU.S.law req
Page 491 and 492: RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
Page 493 and 494: IntroductionSpace Activities import
Page 495 and 496: Liability ProvisionsArt. I Introduc
Page 497 and 498:
1. ApproachArt. I - define damageCa
Page 499 and 500:
Domestic ImplementationA. Provision
Page 501 and 502:
ConclusionThe Liability Convention
Page 503 and 504:
informed research on the Convention
Page 505 and 506:
1.4. Application of Article VIII of
Page 507 and 508:
1. Provision of InformationArticle
Page 509 and 510:
and with opinio juris after ratific
Page 511 and 512:
Registration Convention• 12 Artic
Page 513 and 514:
The Need for Revisions• Clarifica
Page 515 and 516:
Launching state: transfer ofownersh
Page 517 and 518:
Launching state: procurement• Dis
Page 519 and 520:
Space object• The status of those
Page 521 and 522:
Provision of information• Article
Page 523 and 524:
Customary law• 45 parties; some a
Page 525 and 526:
Conclusion• An important legislat
Page 527 and 528:
___________________________________
Page 529 and 530:
2. The Rescue AgreementThe Workshop
Page 531 and 532:
Annex IIProgrammeMonday, 3 November
Page 533 and 534:
19:00 ReceptionTuesday, 4 November
Page 535 and 536:
16:20 - 18:00Meeting Room (M-118)Go
Page 537 and 538:
09:30 - 10:40Discussion and Observa
Page 539 and 540:
Annex IIIUnited Nations/Republic of
Page 541 and 542:
Family Name, FirstName20. Chung, Wo
Page 543 and 544:
Family Name, FirstName40. Kang, San
Page 545 and 546:
Family Name, FirstName61. Lee, Whie
Page 547 and 548:
Family Name, FirstName80. Shin, Kak
Page 549:
United Nations Office for Outer Spa
show all

Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?