Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

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Sergio MarchisioInstitute for International Legal Studies, CNRUniversity of Rome La Sapienzamarchisio@isgi.cnr.itArticle VI Of the Outer Space TreatyCommentary
Article VI of the OST: General Features• International Responsibility for NationalActivities in Outer Space• Article VI as a premise to Articles VII and VIIIand as a statute for private space activities• Assimilation between governmental and nongovernmentalactivities: internationalresponsibility for private activities• Meaning of the concept of internationalresponsibility (narrower or broaderinterpretation)
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PROCEEDINGSUnited Nations/Republic
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This document has not been formally
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IntroductionIn 1999, the Third Unit
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Governmental Official SegmentIntrod
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Opening Statements
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At the close of the workshop in The
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key treaties, new developments in s
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us to take another big step in our
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Closing RemarksI believe that this
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It is within this context that, tog
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United StatesNational Aeronauticsan
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Space Act Origins -Political Climat
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Space Act Origins - CivilianSpace A
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Scope of theSpace Act Act carefully
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Space Act: Variety of Applications
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Section 203(a): NASA shall:Applicat
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Application ofSpace Act Section 203
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JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATIONAGENCYUn
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JAXA Organizational StructurePresid
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Medium-term Plan (Services to the P
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Principles for Consolidation Priori
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Next Generation Main Launch Vehicle
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Using Space Technology to Help our
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Supporting the Development of Domes
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Launch ScheduleJFY 2003 JFY 2004 JF
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2ContentsI. Space related Organizat
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Space Organizations and Institution
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6► KARI (Korea Aerospace Research
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8II. National Space ProjectsPast Pr
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Earth Observation SatelliteNational
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12OMPSAT - IOSMI Image
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14Sounding RocketNational space pro
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Earth Observation SatelliteNational
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Geo-Stationary SatelliteNational sp
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III. Long-Term Space Plan1999KOMPSA
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IV. Current IssuesSpace Law► Kore
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Current issue25Future National Sche
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CURRENT SCENARIO• Uncoordinated a
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RELEVANT ISSUES• Legal and admini
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ADMINISTRATIVEINFRASTRUCTUREGoal :
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NATIONAL SPACE AGENCYImplementation
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UNITED NATIONS/REPUBLIC OF KOREAWOR
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The Space Activities ActThe objecti
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Space Licensing & Safety OfficeResp
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Australian Government Space Forum
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Ensuring Access to Space Services
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Growing the Private Sector• Satel
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operation: the Indian National Sate
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The trust areas of the proposed pol
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“Outer space was a new field and
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Another important forum in discussi
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interest in the utilization of spac
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1.3. Other Governmental Institution
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United Nations / Republic of KoreaW
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The Strategy• The development and
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Operational applications to support
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Training & Education Activities of
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Participants Trained in GIS and Rem
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A particular importance to the COPU
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The awarenessMorocco continues its
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The technical needs• UN or Agenci
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1. National Space Policy Internatio
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Thailand supports and has participa
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Main ActivitiesFollowing the object
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Origins and Characteristics of theS
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Origins and Characteristics ofthe S
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The Spirit and Letterof the Law•
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"Province of All Mankind"• Not th
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NonappropriationNo national appropr
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"Peaceful Purposes"on Celestial Bod
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• International law applies- Spac
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Questions,Comments?
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Principles Adopted bythe General As
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Different Kinds• Purports to stat
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How Are They Construed?Case-byby-ca
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• Pre- and postExamination of Vot
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Space Declarationsand Resolutions
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Space Principles Adopted bythe Gene
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Declaration of Legal PrinciplesGove
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Direct Television• AddressesBroad
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Remote Sensing Principles• “Pri
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Remote Sensing PrinciplesObligation
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Principles on Nuclear Power• Gene
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Principles on Nuclear Power Sources
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Declaration on International Cooper
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Declaration onInternational Coopera
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Questions,Comments?
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ContentsINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OFA
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A. Non-appropriationINTERNATIONAL I
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C. Free for exploration &useINTERNA
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E. Internationalco-operationINTERNA
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4. State responsibility,liability &
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B. State liability:Article VIIINTER
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C. Registration spaceobjects & juri
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A. Military usageINTERNATIONAL INST
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C. Role IGO’sINTERNATIONAL INSTIT
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6. Formal clausesINTERNATIONAL INST
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7. The OST in a widercontextINTERNA
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What is ‘space law’? (2)INTERNA
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N.B.: ‘space activities’INTERNA
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the need for the general principles
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3. Obligations relating to Rescue a
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a) Rescue operations within the jur
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then it has to bear the expenses it
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Two, compulsory settlement of dispu
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Liability Conventionand national li
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Liability Convention and national l
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These agreements may• put the ris
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ConclusionsLiability Convention and
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Conclusions (3)Liability Convention
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Space Law Specialist segment
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Table of ContentsPART IOverview upo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Inherent Limitation Absence of lega
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Part IIProperty Rights through the
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Civil Law Concept of Property The R
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Case for right to use without owner
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Property Rights and Market Proposes
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Efficiency in the property rights r
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Merit of Law & Economics Paradigm I
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Property rights allowed in the comm
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SystemTransponder Number36-MHz unit
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Implication of the property rights
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Concluding Remarks and Discussion
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Discussion points As an appropriati
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Page 319 and 320: Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
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Page 323 and 324: 3. ConclusionHere, I would like to
Page 325 and 326: In this commentary paper, what I wo
Page 327 and 328: Table of Contents1 Interpretation o
Page 329 and 330: Status of Outer Space TreatyIf Oute
Page 331 and 332: Implication of non-appropriationof
Page 333 and 334: Why private appropriationprohibited
Page 335 and 336: Obligation of StatesArt. I Free acc
Page 337 and 338: Analogy of Deep Seabed (1)Moon Trea
Page 339 and 340: De Facto Appropriation?OST Art. 8St
Page 341 and 342: Current Legal SituationCelestial Bo
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Page 345 and 346: Measures taken by the authorities
Page 347 and 348: Towards Equitable Uses of OuterSpac
Page 349 and 350: Equitable Uses of Space (3)Other Ch
Page 351 and 352: Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
Page 353 and 354: The validity of this principle can
Page 355 and 356: The Outer Space Treaty sets forth c
Page 357 and 358: Art VI of Outer Space TreatyArticle
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Page 361 and 362: A Commentary to the Article VI of t
Page 363 and 364: According to my personal opinion, S
Page 365 and 366: Nevertheless, the bearing of the re
Page 367: Article VII (International Responsi
Page 371 and 372: Article VI of the OST: General Feat
Page 373 and 374: Article VI: Qualification of nation
Page 375 and 376: Article VI: The appropriate State
Page 377 and 378: Article VI : the obligation of auth
Page 379 and 380: Rescue Agreement1968 Rescue Agreeme
Page 381 and 382: Agreement. Any dispute would theref
Page 383 and 384: high seas. It imposes an obligation
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Page 387 and 388: Finally, even though it can be argu
Page 389 and 390: 3. The Permanent Mission of the Uni
Page 391 and 392: Discussion Paper:1968 Rescue Agreem
Page 393 and 394: Status on 1 September 2003• 88 St
Page 395 and 396: States with Obligations• Articles
Page 397 and 398: Scope of Application• Rescue Agre
Page 399 and 400: Rescue & Return of Astronauts• Ar
Page 401 and 402: Search & Rescue within territory of
Page 403 and 404: Return of AstronautsArticle 4• Im
Page 405 and 406: Recovery & Return of Space ObjectsA
Page 407 and 408: Expenses of Recovery & Return• Ar
Page 409 and 410: Rescue Agreement andCustomary Inter
Page 411 and 412: Reasons for Ratification - 11. Alth
Page 413 and 414: Reasons for Ratification - 33. The
Page 415 and 416: Conclusions• The provisions in th
Page 417 and 418: Second, an increasing number of sta
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not claim any reparation from Germa
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IV.Other Questions on the Rescue Ag
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Commentary to the DiscussionPaper
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1 Desirability of universalacceptan
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Increasing Commercial Uses ofOuter
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The necessity of expressconditions
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2 Rescue Agreement ascustomary inte
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Express Case (2)15 Jan. 1995 launch
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Easiness acceding to the RescueAgre
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Points Considered (2)Art. 4 shall b
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Current situation easier to ratifyt
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(1) Launching state 2States which p
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(2) Prospective Space AssetsProtoco
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The status of int’l organization1
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Liability Convention and National L
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with any certainty the extent of th
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“In the event of damage being cau
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influence over the operation and co
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the definition of “space objects
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entry of Cosmos-954 would be a reco
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present a claim. 97 If neither Stat
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Both the Australian and the Russian
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space object from the United Kingdo
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Figure 1. Summary of Liability Issu
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due diligence was exercised. 142 In
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place in international maritime and
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RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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Liability Convention1972 Liability
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Suborbitals / A ttem p tsSuborbital
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FaultArticle III of th e Liability
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Direct Dam ageLost time andearnings
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Moralan d Punitive Dam agesThe Unit
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Procedure:Right to ClaimRight to cl
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Dom estic ResponsesThe Liability Co
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Launching StateMost States refer to
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Com pulsory In su ran ceU.S.law req
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RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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IntroductionSpace Activities import
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Liability ProvisionsArt. I Introduc
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1. ApproachArt. I - define damageCa
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Domestic ImplementationA. Provision
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ConclusionThe Liability Convention
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informed research on the Convention
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1.4. Application of Article VIII of
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1. Provision of InformationArticle
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and with opinio juris after ratific
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Registration Convention• 12 Artic
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The Need for Revisions• Clarifica
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Launching state: transfer ofownersh
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Launching state: procurement• Dis
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Space object• The status of those
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Provision of information• Article
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Customary law• 45 parties; some a
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Conclusion• An important legislat
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2. The Rescue AgreementThe Workshop
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Annex IIProgrammeMonday, 3 November
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19:00 ReceptionTuesday, 4 November
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16:20 - 18:00Meeting Room (M-118)Go
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09:30 - 10:40Discussion and Observa
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Annex IIIUnited Nations/Republic of
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Family Name, FirstName20. Chung, Wo
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Family Name, FirstName40. Kang, San
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Family Name, FirstName61. Lee, Whie
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Family Name, FirstName80. Shin, Kak
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United Nations Office for Outer Spa
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