Proceedings of the Workshop - United Nations Office for Outer ...

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Australian Space Legislation• Passed by Australian Parliament in 1998• Established clear legislative andregulatory framework for theestablishment of a commercial launchindustry• Increasing emphasis on safety andprotection of property and other strategicassets
The Space Activities ActThe objectives of the legislation were:• to establish a regulatory regime for commercialspace activities carried out in Australia and byAustralian nationals• to establish a compensation regime for thirdparty damage caused by space launch activities• to make provision for the Government toimplement its obligations under the UN SpaceTreaties
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PROCEEDINGSUnited Nations/Republic
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This document has not been formally
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IntroductionIn 1999, the Third Unit
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Governmental Official SegmentIntrod
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Opening Statements
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At the close of the workshop in The
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key treaties, new developments in s
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us to take another big step in our
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Closing RemarksI believe that this
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It is within this context that, tog
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United StatesNational Aeronauticsan
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Space Act Origins -Political Climat
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Space Act Origins - CivilianSpace A
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Scope of theSpace Act Act carefully
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Space Act: Variety of Applications
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Section 203(a): NASA shall:Applicat
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Application ofSpace Act Section 203
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___________________________________
Page 42 and 43: JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATIONAGENCYUn
Page 44 and 45: JAXA Organizational StructurePresid
Page 46 and 47: Medium-term Plan (Services to the P
Page 48 and 49: Principles for Consolidation Priori
Page 50 and 51: Next Generation Main Launch Vehicle
Page 52 and 53: Using Space Technology to Help our
Page 54 and 55: Supporting the Development of Domes
Page 56 and 57: Launch ScheduleJFY 2003 JFY 2004 JF
Page 58 and 59: 2ContentsI. Space related Organizat
Page 60 and 61: Space Organizations and Institution
Page 62 and 63: 6► KARI (Korea Aerospace Research
Page 64 and 65: 8II. National Space ProjectsPast Pr
Page 66 and 67: Earth Observation SatelliteNational
Page 68 and 69: 12OMPSAT - IOSMI Image
Page 70 and 71: 14Sounding RocketNational space pro
Page 72 and 73: Earth Observation SatelliteNational
Page 74 and 75: Geo-Stationary SatelliteNational sp
Page 77 and 78: III. Long-Term Space Plan1999KOMPSA
Page 79 and 80: IV. Current IssuesSpace Law► Kore
Page 81 and 82: Current issue25Future National Sche
Page 83 and 84: CURRENT SCENARIO• Uncoordinated a
Page 85 and 86: RELEVANT ISSUES• Legal and admini
Page 87 and 88: ADMINISTRATIVEINFRASTRUCTUREGoal :
Page 89 and 90: NATIONAL SPACE AGENCYImplementation
Page 91: UNITED NATIONS/REPUBLIC OF KOREAWOR
Page 101 and 102: Space Licensing & Safety OfficeResp
Page 103 and 104: Australian Government Space Forum
Page 105 and 106: Ensuring Access to Space Services
Page 107 and 108: Growing the Private Sector• Satel
Page 109 and 110: ___________________________________
Page 111 and 112: operation: the Indian National Sate
Page 113 and 114: The trust areas of the proposed pol
Page 115 and 116: “Outer space was a new field and
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Page 119 and 120: Another important forum in discussi
Page 121 and 122: interest in the utilization of spac
Page 123 and 124: 1.3. Other Governmental Institution
Page 125 and 126: United Nations / Republic of KoreaW
Page 127 and 128: The Strategy• The development and
Page 129 and 130: Operational applications to support
Page 131 and 132: Training & Education Activities of
Page 133 and 134: Participants Trained in GIS and Rem
Page 135 and 136: A particular importance to the COPU
Page 137 and 138: The awarenessMorocco continues its
Page 139 and 140: The technical needs• UN or Agenci
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1. National Space Policy Internatio
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Thailand supports and has participa
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Main ActivitiesFollowing the object
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Origins and Characteristics of theS
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Origins and Characteristics ofthe S
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The Spirit and Letterof the Law•
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"Province of All Mankind"• Not th
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NonappropriationNo national appropr
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"Peaceful Purposes"on Celestial Bod
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• International law applies- Spac
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Questions,Comments?
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Principles Adopted bythe General As
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Different Kinds• Purports to stat
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How Are They Construed?Case-byby-ca
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• Pre- and postExamination of Vot
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Space Declarationsand Resolutions
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Space Principles Adopted bythe Gene
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Declaration of Legal PrinciplesGove
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Direct Television• AddressesBroad
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Remote Sensing Principles• “Pri
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Remote Sensing PrinciplesObligation
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Principles on Nuclear Power• Gene
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Principles on Nuclear Power Sources
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Declaration on International Cooper
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Declaration onInternational Coopera
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Questions,Comments?
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ContentsINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OFA
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A. Non-appropriationINTERNATIONAL I
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C. Free for exploration &useINTERNA
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E. Internationalco-operationINTERNA
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4. State responsibility,liability &
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B. State liability:Article VIIINTER
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C. Registration spaceobjects & juri
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A. Military usageINTERNATIONAL INST
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C. Role IGO’sINTERNATIONAL INSTIT
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6. Formal clausesINTERNATIONAL INST
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7. The OST in a widercontextINTERNA
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What is ‘space law’? (2)INTERNA
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N.B.: ‘space activities’INTERNA
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the need for the general principles
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3. Obligations relating to Rescue a
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a) Rescue operations within the jur
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then it has to bear the expenses it
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Two, compulsory settlement of dispu
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Liability Conventionand national li
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Liability Convention and national l
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These agreements may• put the ris
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ConclusionsLiability Convention and
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Conclusions (3)Liability Convention
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Space Law Specialist segment
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Table of ContentsPART IOverview upo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Non-Appropriation Principle : Histo
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Inherent Limitation Absence of lega
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Part IIProperty Rights through the
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Civil Law Concept of Property The R
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Case for right to use without owner
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Property Rights and Market Proposes
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Efficiency in the property rights r
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Merit of Law & Economics Paradigm I
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Property rights allowed in the comm
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SystemTransponder Number36-MHz unit
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Implication of the property rights
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Concluding Remarks and Discussion
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Discussion points As an appropriati
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RUSSIAN FEDERAL LAW ON COMMERCIAL S
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Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
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who are of the opinion that only na
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3. ConclusionHere, I would like to
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In this commentary paper, what I wo
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Table of Contents1 Interpretation o
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Status of Outer Space TreatyIf Oute
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Implication of non-appropriationof
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Why private appropriationprohibited
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Obligation of StatesArt. I Free acc
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Analogy of Deep Seabed (1)Moon Trea
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De Facto Appropriation?OST Art. 8St
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Current Legal SituationCelestial Bo
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Example of Territorial Claim1 1976
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Measures taken by the authorities
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Towards Equitable Uses of OuterSpac
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Equitable Uses of Space (3)Other Ch
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Commentary on Emerging System of Pr
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The validity of this principle can
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The Outer Space Treaty sets forth c
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Art VI of Outer Space TreatyArticle
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VI Outer Space Treaty can be an imp
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A Commentary to the Article VI of t
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According to my personal opinion, S
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Nevertheless, the bearing of the re
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Article VII (International Responsi
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Article VI of the OST: General Feat
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Article VI of the OST: General Feat
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Article VI: Qualification of nation
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Article VI: The appropriate State
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Article VI : the obligation of auth
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Rescue Agreement1968 Rescue Agreeme
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Agreement. Any dispute would theref
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high seas. It imposes an obligation
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that the Launching Authority is und
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Finally, even though it can be argu
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3. The Permanent Mission of the Uni
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Discussion Paper:1968 Rescue Agreem
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Status on 1 September 2003• 88 St
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States with Obligations• Articles
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Scope of Application• Rescue Agre
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Rescue & Return of Astronauts• Ar
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Search & Rescue within territory of
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Return of AstronautsArticle 4• Im
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Recovery & Return of Space ObjectsA
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Expenses of Recovery & Return• Ar
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Rescue Agreement andCustomary Inter
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Reasons for Ratification - 11. Alth
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Reasons for Ratification - 33. The
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Conclusions• The provisions in th
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Second, an increasing number of sta
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not claim any reparation from Germa
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IV.Other Questions on the Rescue Ag
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Commentary to the DiscussionPaper
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1 Desirability of universalacceptan
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Increasing Commercial Uses ofOuter
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The necessity of expressconditions
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2 Rescue Agreement ascustomary inte
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Express Case (2)15 Jan. 1995 launch
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Easiness acceding to the RescueAgre
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Points Considered (2)Art. 4 shall b
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Current situation easier to ratifyt
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(1) Launching state 2States which p
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(2) Prospective Space AssetsProtoco
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The status of int’l organization1
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Liability Convention and National L
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with any certainty the extent of th
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“In the event of damage being cau
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influence over the operation and co
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the definition of “space objects
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entry of Cosmos-954 would be a reco
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present a claim. 97 If neither Stat
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Both the Australian and the Russian
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space object from the United Kingdo
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Figure 1. Summary of Liability Issu
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due diligence was exercised. 142 In
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place in international maritime and
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RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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Liability Convention1972 Liability
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Suborbitals / A ttem p tsSuborbital
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FaultArticle III of th e Liability
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Direct Dam ageLost time andearnings
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Moralan d Punitive Dam agesThe Unit
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Procedure:Right to ClaimRight to cl
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Dom estic ResponsesThe Liability Co
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Launching StateMost States refer to
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Com pulsory In su ran ceU.S.law req
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RICKY J.LEE & ASSOCIATESBARRISTERS
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IntroductionSpace Activities import
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Liability ProvisionsArt. I Introduc
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1. ApproachArt. I - define damageCa
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Domestic ImplementationA. Provision
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ConclusionThe Liability Convention
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informed research on the Convention
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1.4. Application of Article VIII of
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1. Provision of InformationArticle
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and with opinio juris after ratific
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Registration Convention• 12 Artic
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The Need for Revisions• Clarifica
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Launching state: transfer ofownersh
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Launching state: procurement• Dis
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Space object• The status of those
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Provision of information• Article
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Customary law• 45 parties; some a
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Conclusion• An important legislat
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2. The Rescue AgreementThe Workshop
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Annex IIProgrammeMonday, 3 November
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19:00 ReceptionTuesday, 4 November
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16:20 - 18:00Meeting Room (M-118)Go
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09:30 - 10:40Discussion and Observa
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Annex IIIUnited Nations/Republic of
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Family Name, FirstName20. Chung, Wo
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Family Name, FirstName40. Kang, San
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Family Name, FirstName61. Lee, Whie
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Family Name, FirstName80. Shin, Kak
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United Nations Office for Outer Spa
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