Color Atlas of Hematology - Practical Microscopic and Clinical ...

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2Physiology and Pathophysiology of Blood CellsIntroduction to the Physiology andPathophysiology of the HematopoieticSystemThe reason why quantitativeand qualitative diagnosisbased on the cellularcomponents of the blood isso important is that bloodcells are easily accessibleindicators of disturbancesin their organs of origin ordegradation—which aremuch less easily accessible.Thus, disturbances in theerythrocyte, granulocyte,and thrombocyte seriesallow important conclusionsto be drawn aboutbone marrow function, justas disturbances of the lymphaticcells indicate reactionsor disease states ofthe specialized lymphopoieticorgans (basically,the lymph nodes, spleen,and the diffuse lymphaticintestinal organ).NK cellsPluripotentlymphaticstem cellsT-lymphopoiesisT-lymphoblastsPluripotent hemato-B-lymphopoiesisB-lymphoblastsCell SystemsAll blood cells derive from acommon stem cell. Underthe influences of local andhumoral factors, stem cellsdifferentiate into differentNK cellsT-lymphocytesB-lymphocytesFig. 1 Model of cell lineages in hematopoiesisPlasma cells
Introduction to the Physiology and Pathophysiology3cell lines (Fig. 1). Erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis proceed independentlyonce the stem cell stage has been passed, whereas monocytopoiesisand granulocytopoiesis are quite closely “related.” Lymphocytopoiesisis the most independent among the remaining cell series. Granulocytes,monocytes, and lymphocytes are collectively called leukocytes (whiteblood cells), a term that has been retained since the days before stainingOmnipotentstem cellsPluripotent myeloidstem cellspoietic stem cellsBasophilsEosinophilsGranulopoiesismonopoiesisThrombopoiesisErythropoiesisMonopoiesisGranulopoiesisMonoblastsMyeloblastsProerythroblastsMegakaryoblastsBasophilic Eosinophilicpromyelocytes promyelocytesPromonocytesPromyelocytesMyelocytesMetamyelocytesCells with band nucleiMegakaryocytesErythroblastsBasophilicsegmentedgranulocytesEosinophilicsegmentedgranulocytesMonocytesNeutrophilicgranulocyteswith segmentednucleiThrombocytesErythrocytesMacrophages
Page 3 and 4: iiiColor Atlas of HematologyPractic
Page 5 and 6: vPrefaceOur Current EditionAlthough
Page 7 and 8: viiContentsPhysiology and Pathophys
Page 9 and 10: ContentsixAcute Lymphoblastic Leuke
Page 14 and 15: 4Physiology and Pathophysiology of
Page 39 and 40: Normal Cells of the Blood andHemato
Page 41: Normally erythropoiesis takes place
Page 44 and 45: 34Normal Cells of the Blood and Hem
Page 49 and 50: Advancing nuclear contraction and s
Page 51: Note the granulations, inclusions,
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52Normal Cells of the Blood and Hem
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Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 71 and 72:
Abnormalities of the White Cell Ser
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Predominance of Mononuclear Round t
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Page 77 and 78:
During lymphatic reactive states, v
Page 79 and 80:
Extreme transformation of lymphocyt
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Monotonous proliferation of small l
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Atypical lymphocytes are not part o
Page 89 and 90:
Deep nuclear indentation suggests f
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Cytoplasmic processes the main feat
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Plasmacytoma cannot be diagnosed wi
Page 95 and 96:
Atypias and differential diagnoses
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Bone marrow diagnosis is indicated
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Conspicuously large numbers of mono
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Page 107 and 108:
Fundamental characteristic of acute
Page 109 and 110:
The diagnosis of acute leukemia is
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Acute leukemias may also derive fro
Page 113 and 114:
New WHO classification: AML with dy
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The cells in acute lymphocytic leuk
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In unexplained anemia and/or leukoc
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The classification of myelodysplasi
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Prevalence of Polynuclear (Segmente
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Predominance of the granulocytic li
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Prevalence of Polynuclear (Segmente
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Left shift as far as myeloblasts, p
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Bone marrow analysis is not obligat
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In the course of chronic myeloid le
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Enlarged spleen and presence of imm
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Eosinophilia and basophilia are usu
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Erythrocyte and ThrombocyteAbnormal
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Hypochromic Anemias129Insufficient
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Hypochromic Anemias131BSGIron Ferri
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Small, hemoglobin-poor erythrocytes
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Hypochromic erythrocytes of very va
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Hypochromic Anemias137Hypochromic S
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Hypochromic anemia without iron def
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Consistently elevated “young” e
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Distribution pattern and shape of e
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Conspicuous erythrocyte morphology
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Unexplained decrease in cell counts
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Hypochromic Anemias149Differential
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Thrombocytopenia with leukocytosis
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Conspicuous large erythrocytes sugg
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In older patients, myelodysplastic
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Small inclusions are usually a sign
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PlasmodiumfalciparumPlasmodiumvivax
Page 171 and 172:
Conspicuous erythrocyte inclusions
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Bone marrow analysis contributes to
Page 175 and 176:
Thrombocytes: increases, reductions
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Thrombocytes: increases, reductions
Page 179 and 180:
Variant forms of thrombocyte and me
Page 181 and 182:
Thrombocyte proliferation with larg
Page 183 and 184:
Cytology of Organ Biopsiesand Exuda
Page 185 and 186:
Lymph Node Cytology175Anamnesis- su
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Reactive lymph node hyperplasia and
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Lymph Node Cytology179Contact witha
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Epithelioid cells dominate the lymp
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In cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma an
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Accessible cysts (e.g., branchial c
Page 197 and 198:
Tumor cells can be identified in pl
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Viral, bacterial, and malignant men
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191IndexAActinomycosis 179Addison d
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Index193Disseminated intravascularc
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Index195blast crisis 120-121bone ma
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Index197in hemolytic anemia 140orth
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