Color Atlas of Hematology - Practical Microscopic and Clinical ...

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30Normal Cells of the Blood and Hematopoietic OrgansThe Individual Cells of HematopoiesisImmature Red Cell Precursors: Proerythroblasts andBasophilic ErythroblastsProerythroblasts are the earliest, least mature cells in the erythrocyteformingseries (erythropoiesis). Proerythroblasts are characterized bytheir size (about 20 µm), and by having a very dense nuclear structurewith a narrow layer of cytoplasm, homogeneous in appearance, with alighter zone at the center; they stain deep blue after Romanowsky staining.These attributes allow proerythroblasts to be distinguished frommyeloblasts (p. 35) and thus to be assigned to the erythrocyte series. Aftermitosis, their daughter cells display similar characteristics except thatthey have smaller nuclei. Daughter cells are called basophilic erythroblasts(formerly also called macroblasts). Their nuclei are smaller and the chromatinis more coarsely structured.The maturation of cells in the erythrocyte series is closely linked to theactivity of macrophages (transformed monocytes), which phagocytosenuclei expelled from normoblasts and iron from senescent erythrocytes,and pass these cell components on to developing erythrocytes.Diagnostic Implications. Proerythrocytes exist in circulating blood onlyunder pathological conditions (extramedullary hematopoiesis; breakdownof the blood–bone marrow barrier by tumor metastases, p. 150; orerythroleukemia, p. 100). In these situations, basophilic erythroblasts mayalso occur; only exceptionally in the course of a strong postanemia regenerationwill a very few of these be released into the blood stream (e.g.,in the compensation phase after severe hemorrhage or as a response tovitamin deficiency, see p. 152).
Normally erythropoiesis takes place only in the bone marrowabcFig. 8 Early erythropoiesis. a The earliest recognizable red cell precursor is thelarge dark proerythroblast with loosely arranged nuclear chromatin (1). Below aretwo orthochromatic erythroblasts (2), on the right a metamyelocyte (3). b Proerythroblast(1). c Proerythroblast (1) next to a myeloblast (2) (see p. 34); lowerregion of image shows a promyelocyte (3). Toward the upper left are a metamyelocyte(4) and a segmented neutrophilic granulocyte (5).31
Page 3 and 4: iiiColor Atlas of HematologyPractic
Page 5 and 6: vPrefaceOur Current EditionAlthough
Page 7 and 8: viiContentsPhysiology and Pathophys
Page 9 and 10: ContentsixAcute Lymphoblastic Leuke
Page 12 and 13: 2Physiology and Pathophysiology of
Page 39: Normal Cells of the Blood andHemato
Page 44 and 45: 34Normal Cells of the Blood and Hem
Page 49 and 50: Advancing nuclear contraction and s
Page 51: Note the granulations, inclusions,
Page 71 and 72: Abnormalities of the White Cell Ser
Page 73 and 74: Predominance of Mononuclear Round t
Page 77 and 78: During lymphatic reactive states, v
Page 79 and 80: Extreme transformation of lymphocyt
Page 85 and 86: Monotonous proliferation of small l
Page 87 and 88: Atypical lymphocytes are not part o
Page 89 and 90: Deep nuclear indentation suggests f
Page 91 and 92:
Cytoplasmic processes the main feat
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Plasmacytoma cannot be diagnosed wi
Page 95 and 96:
Atypias and differential diagnoses
Page 97 and 98:
Bone marrow diagnosis is indicated
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Conspicuously large numbers of mono
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Predominance of Mononuclear Round t
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Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Fundamental characteristic of acute
Page 109 and 110:
The diagnosis of acute leukemia is
Page 111 and 112:
Acute leukemias may also derive fro
Page 113 and 114:
New WHO classification: AML with dy
Page 115 and 116:
The cells in acute lymphocytic leuk
Page 117 and 118:
In unexplained anemia and/or leukoc
Page 119 and 120:
The classification of myelodysplasi
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Prevalence of Polynuclear (Segmente
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Predominance of the granulocytic li
Page 125 and 126:
Prevalence of Polynuclear (Segmente
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Left shift as far as myeloblasts, p
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Bone marrow analysis is not obligat
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In the course of chronic myeloid le
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Enlarged spleen and presence of imm
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Eosinophilia and basophilia are usu
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Erythrocyte and ThrombocyteAbnormal
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Hypochromic Anemias129Insufficient
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Hypochromic Anemias131BSGIron Ferri
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Small, hemoglobin-poor erythrocytes
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Hypochromic erythrocytes of very va
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Hypochromic Anemias137Hypochromic S
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Hypochromic anemia without iron def
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Consistently elevated “young” e
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Distribution pattern and shape of e
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Conspicuous erythrocyte morphology
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Unexplained decrease in cell counts
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Hypochromic Anemias149Differential
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Thrombocytopenia with leukocytosis
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Conspicuous large erythrocytes sugg
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In older patients, myelodysplastic
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Small inclusions are usually a sign
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PlasmodiumfalciparumPlasmodiumvivax
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Conspicuous erythrocyte inclusions
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Bone marrow analysis contributes to
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Thrombocytes: increases, reductions
Page 177 and 178:
Thrombocytes: increases, reductions
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Variant forms of thrombocyte and me
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Thrombocyte proliferation with larg
Page 183 and 184:
Cytology of Organ Biopsiesand Exuda
Page 185 and 186:
Lymph Node Cytology175Anamnesis- su
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Reactive lymph node hyperplasia and
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Lymph Node Cytology179Contact witha
Page 191 and 192:
Epithelioid cells dominate the lymp
Page 193 and 194:
In cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma an
Page 195 and 196:
Accessible cysts (e.g., branchial c
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Tumor cells can be identified in pl
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Viral, bacterial, and malignant men
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191IndexAActinomycosis 179Addison d
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Index193Disseminated intravascularc
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Index195blast crisis 120-121bone ma
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Index197in hemolytic anemia 140orth
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