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<strong>MEGAPOLI</strong> 212520 REFERENCES Baklanov, A., (2006): Overview of the European project FUMAPEX. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2005–2015. Baklanov, A., (2007): Urban air flow researches for air pollution, emergency preparedness and urban weather prediction. Ch. 9 in: Flow and transport processes with complex obstructions: Applications to cities, vegetative canopies and industry. Eds. Ye.A. Gayev and J.C.R. Hunt, NATO ASI Series book, Springer, 311-357. Baklanov, A., O. Hänninen, L. H. Slørdal, J. Kukkonen, N. Bjergene, B. Fay, S. Finardi, S. C. Hoe, M. Jantunen, A. Karppinen, A. Rasmussen, A. Skouloudis, R. S. Sokhi, J. H. Sørensen, and V. Ødegaard (2007): Integrated systems for forecasting urban meteorology, air pollution and population exposure. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 855-874. Baklanov, A., P. Mestayer, A. Clappier, S. Zilitinkevich, S. Joffre, A. Mahura, N. W. Nielsen, (2005): On the parameterisation of the urban atmospheric sublayer in meteorological models. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, 12119-12176. Baklanov, A., Rasmussen, A, Fay, B., Berge, E., Finardi, S., (2002): Potential and shortcomings of numerical weather prediction models in providing meteorological data for urban air pollution forecasting. Wat. Air. Soil Pol l.: Focus 2, 43–60. Beirle, S., M. Hayn, U.Platt, T. Wagner, (2007): Transport and depostition of nitrogen oxides to oceans, Conference contribution to the SOLAS open science conference, Xiamen, China, 5-9March 2007. Beirle, S., U. Platt, M. Wenig, and T. Wagner, (2003): Weekly cycle of NO2 by GOME measurements: A signature of anthropogenic sources. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2225-2232. Beirle, S.,Platt, U.,Wenig, M. and Wagner, T., (2004): Highly resolved global distribution of tropospheric NO2 using GOME narrow swath mode data, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 4, 1913-1924. Carmichael G.R., Shan H., Calori G., Phadnis M., Cho S. (1999): The Effect of Aerosol on the Chemistry and Climate of Urban Environments. Proc. of 15th Int. Congress of Biometeorology and Int. Conf. on Urban Climatology, Sydney, 8-12 November 1999. Chenevez, J., Baklanov, A., Sørensen, J. H., (2004): Pollutant transport schemes integrated in a numerical weather prediction model: model description and verification results. Meteorol. Appl. 11, 265–275. Christensen J.H., J. Räisänen, T. Iversen, D. Bjørge, O.B. Christensen, and M. Rummukainen, (2001): A synthesis of regional climate change simulations -A Scandinavian perspective. Geoph. Res. Lett., 28, 1003-1006. Dickenson, R. E., Zebiak, S. E., Anderson, J. L., Blackmon, M. L., DeLuca, C., Hogan, T. F., Iredell, M., Ji, M., Rood, R., Suarez, M. J., Taylor, K. E., (2002): How can we advance our weather and climate models as a community? Bull. Am. Met. Soc. 83, 431–434. Doran J.C., C. Barnard, W.P. Arnott, J.R. Cary, R. Coulter, J.D. Fast, E.I. Kassianov, L. Kleinman, N.S. Laulainen, T. Martin, G. Paredes-Miranda, M.S. Pekour, W.J. Shaw, D.F. Smith, S.R. Springston, X.-Y. Yu, (2007): The T1-T2 study: evolution of aerosol properties downwind of Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1585-1598. EC, 2005. Impact Assessment of the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution and the Directive on “Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe”, SEC (2005) 1133. Eckhardt, S., A. Stohl, S. Beirle, N. Spichtinger, P. James, C. Forster, C. Junker, T. Wagner, U. Platt, and S. G. Jennings, (2003): The North Atlantic Oscillation controls air pollution transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1769-1778. Esau, I., (2007): Amplification of turbulent exchange over wide Arctic leads: Large-eddy simulation study, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D08109, doi:10.1029/2006JD007225. Esau, I., and Zilitinkevich, S. S., (2006): Universal Dependences between Turbulent and Mean Flow Parameters in Stably and Neutrally Stratified Planetary Boundary Layers, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 13, 122-144. Frankenberg, C., U. Platt, T. Wagner, (2005): Retrieval of CO from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT: detection of strongly polluted areas and seasonal patterns in global CO abundances, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1639-1644. Galmarini S., Duynkerke P.G., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J., (1997): Evolution of nitrogen oxides in the stable nocturnal boundary layer, J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 7, 943-957. Galmarini S., Duynkerke P.G., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J., (1997): Evolution of nitrogen oxides in the stable nocturnal boundary layer, J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 7, 943-957. 111
<strong>MEGAPOLI</strong> 212520 Galmarini S., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J., and Duynkerke P.G., (1997): Scaling the turbulent transport of chemically reactive species in the surface-layer under neutral and stratified conditions, Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 536, 223-242. Galmarini, S., Bianconi,R., Klug,W., Mikkelsen,T., Addis,R., Andronopoulos,S., Astrup,P., Baklanov,A., Bartniki,J., Bartzis,J.C., Bellasio,R., Bompay,F., Buckley,R., Bouzom,M., Champion,H., D’Amours,R., Davakis,E., Eleveld,H., Geertsema,G.T., Glaab,H., Kollax,M., Ilvonen,M., Manning,A., Pechinger,U., Persson,C., Polreich,E., Potemski,S., Prodanova,M., Saltbones,J., Slaper,H., Sofiev,M.A., Syrakov,D., Sørensen,J.H., Van der Auwera,L., Valkama,I., Zelazny,R. (2004b): Ensemble dispersion forecasting— Part I: concept, approach and indicators. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 28, 4607-4617. Giorgi, F. Bi, X., and Qian, Y, (2001): Direct radiative forcing and regional climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia: Aregional coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model study. J. Geophys. Res. 107, 4439, doi:10.1029/2001JD001066. Giorgi, F., and Mearns, L.O., (1999): Introduction too special section: Regional climate modeling revisited. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 6335-6352. Giorgi, F., Bi, X. Q., and Qian, Y. (2003): Indirect vs. direct effects of anthropogenic sulfate on the climate of east Asia as simulated with a regional Coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model, Climatic Change, 58, 345-376. GLA 2006, 2006 Round Demographic Projections, Greater London Authority, ISSN 1479 7879 Grell, G. A., Peckham, S. E., Schmitz, R., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G., Skamarock, C., Eder, B. (2005): Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model. Atm. Environ. 39, 6957–6975. Guttikunda S.K., Carmichael G.R., Calori G., Eck C., Woo J.H. (2003): The contribution of megacities to regional sulfur pollution in Asia. Atmospheric Environment, 37, 11-22. Khokhar, M. F. (2006): Retrieval and interpretation of tropospheric SO2 from UV-vis satellite instruments, PhD thesis, University of Leipzig. Kousa, A., J. Kukkonen, A. Karppinen, P. Aarnio and T. Koskentalo (2002): A model for evaluating the population exposure to ambient air pollution in an urban area. Atmospheric Environment, 36, 2109-2119. Krol, M.C., Molemaker, M.J. and Vila-Guerau de Arellano, J., (2000): Effects of turbulence and eterogeneous emissions on photochemically active species in the convective boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6871-6884. Lanz, V.A., M.R. Alfarra, U. Baltensperger, B. Buchmann, C. Hueglin, A.S.H. Prévôt, (2007): Source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols at an urban site by factor analytical modelling of aerosol mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1503-1522. Lawrence, M. G., T. M. Butler, J. Steinkamp, B. R. Gurjar, and J. Lelieveld (2006): Regional pollution potentials of megacities and other major population centers, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 6, 13323– 13366. Leue, C., M. Wenig, T. Wagner, U. Platt, and B. Jähne, (2001): Quantitative analysis of NOx emissions from GOME satellite image sequences, J. Geophys. Res.,106, 5493-5505. Li, Q. B., Jacob, D. J., Bey, I., Palmer, P. I., Duncan, B. N., Field, B. D., Martin, R. V., Fiore, A. M., Yantosca, R. M., Parrish, D. D., Simmonds, P. G., Oltmans, S. J., (2002): Transatlantic transport of pollution and its effects on surface ozone in Europe and North America, J. Geophys. Res. 107, 4166, doi:10.1029/2001JD001422. Mandal, M., Mohanty, U. C., Raman, S., (2004): A study on the impact of parameterization of physical processes on prediction of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal with NCAR/PSU Mesoscale Model. Nat. Hazards 31, 391–414. Martilli, A. and J. L. Santiago, (2007): CFD simulation of airflow over a regular array ofcubes. Part II: Analysis of Spatial Average Properties. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. In Press (DOI: 10.1007/s10546-006- 9124-y). Martilli, A., Clappier, A., and Rotach, M. W., (2002): An Urban Surface Exchange Parameterisation for Mesoscale Models, Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 104, 261–304. Molemaker and Vila-Guerau de Arellano, (1998): Turbulent control of chemical reactions in the convective boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 568-579. Molina, M. J. and Molina, L. T. (2004): Megacties and atmospheric pollution, J. Waste Mange. Assoc., 54, 644-680. Moussiopoulos N. (1995): The EUMAC Zooming Model, a tool for local-to-regional air quality studies, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 57, 115-133. 112
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MEGACITIES • AIR QUALITY • CLIM
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MEGAPOLI PROJECT OFFICE OFFICIAL WE
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Table of Contents P
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MEGAPOLI 212520 PART A A1. Budget b
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Instrumentation Res
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MEGAPOLI 212520 T2: Investigate phy
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Local/urban ~1-10 2
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MEGAPOLI 212520 urban pollution hot
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MEGAPOLI 212520 for 40% of Italy’
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MEGAPOLI 212520 concentrates on enh
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MEGAPOLI 212520 processes of the ur
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MEGAPOLI 212520 The current state-o
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MEGAPOLI 212520 4) Impact of megaci
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MEGAPOLI 212520 processes can no lo
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MEGAPOLI 212520 CAIR4HEALTH and ENV
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MEGAPOLI 212520 B.1.3.4 Work packag
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MEGAPOLI 212520 D2.6 D2.7 D3.1 D3.2
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MEGAPOLI 212520 D8.3 Assessment of
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MEGAPOLI 212520 inventories. This m
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MEGAPOLI 212520 WP3: Megacity Plume
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MEGAPOLI 212520 • the related var
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MEGAPOLI 212520 -specific and sourc
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MEGAPOLI 212520 parameterisation fo
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MEGAPOLI 212520 WP6: Regional and g
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MEGAPOLI 212520 WP7: Integrated too
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MEGAPOLI 212520 WP8: Mitigation, po
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MEGAPOLI 212520 WP9: Dissemination
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MEGAPOLI 212520 B.1.3.7 Summary of
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Project Effort Form
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Project Effort Form
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MEGAPOLI 212520 M7.1 Determination
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Page 93 and 94: MEGAPOLI 212520 environmental conve
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Page 105 and 106: MEGAPOLI 212520 B3 Expected impacts
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Page 123 and 124: MEGAPOLI 212520 DMS Dimethyl sulphi
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Page 148: FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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