D E S C R I P T I O N O F W O R K - MEGAPOLI - Dmi

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MEGAPOLI 212520 Expertise and experience of the organization NERSC is an independent non-profit research institute affiliated with the University of Bergen, Norway. NERSC conducts basic and applied environmental research funded by governmental agencies, research councils and industry. NERSC's research strategy is to integrate the use of remote sensing and field observations with local-, regional- and global-scale numerical modelling. NERSC staff teaches university courses and hosts graduate students and postdoctoral fellows from several nations. Faculty members at the Univ. of Bergen and senior staff at Nansen Center hold adjunct positions at the two institutions. NERSC is organized in 5 scientific units: Special Projects; Mohn-Sverdrup Center for Global Ocean Studies and Operational Oceanography; Coastal and Ocean Remote Sensing; Polar and Environ. Remote Sensing; G.C. Rieber Climate Institute. NERSC is a head institution of the Nansen Group, which includes establishments in Russia (Nansen Centre in S.-Petersburg), China (Nansen-Zhu Centre), India, South America and Africa to provide an impetus for globally-oriented research in support of sustainable development of the earths resources. In 2005, NERSC was awarded the prestigious European Descartes Prize for the best integrated research. Role and contribution In this project NERSC will be the co-leader of WP2 and the leader of its Task 4 – urban atmospheric boundary layer features, simulation, and parameterization. The primarily tools in operation will be turbulence-resolving models, namely, the NERSC LES code and parallelized LES code of the Meteorological Institute at Hannover University. With these tools, NERSC will contribute in understanding and simulations of the Paris plume (WP3) and the development of improved UABL parameterizations for WP4-6. Ultimate contribution will aim at representation of the urban climate and pollution through a 3D visualization of urban atmospheric dynamics in WP7. Principal personnel involved Dr. Igor Esau – is a staff member of NERSC since 2003. He has graduated Tomsk University with honour degree in 1992 and defended two Ph.Ds.: one in the area of numerical mathematics in 1996 at the Russian Institute for Numerical Mathematics, Moscow; and another in the area of turbulence modelling in meteorology in 2003 in Swedish Uppsala University, Uppsala. Dr. Esau is currently working in the area of application of the turbulence-resolving modelling to studies of local climate forming processes, especially over heterogeneous surfaces similar to urban heat islands. This project is just a natural continuation of his long-term research priorities and sevrbulence-resolving modelling. He is currently supervising 2 Ph.D. programmes. He has published 21 peer-review articles, of which 16 during the last 5 years. Selected relevant publications Esau, I., Zilitinkevich, S.S., (2006): Universal Dependences between Turbulent and Mean Flow Parameters in Stably and Neutrally Stratified Planetary Boundary Layers, Nonlinear Processes in Geophys., 13, 122-144. Beare, R. J., I. Esau, and 15 co-authors, (2006): An intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of the stable boundary layer, Boundary Layer Meteorology, 118(2), 2, 247-272. Esau, I., (2006): An improved parameterization of turbulent exchange coefficients accounting for the non-local effect of large eddies, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 3353-3362. Esau, I., (2006): Simulation of Ekman boundary layers by large eddy model with dynamic mixed subfilter closure, Journal of Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 4, 273-303. Esau, I., Lyons T. J., (2002): Effect of sharp vegetation boundary on the convective atmospheric boundary layer, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 114(1-2), 3-13. Partner 12: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) Expertise and experience of the organization The NILU is an independent research foundation specialising in air pollution research from global to local problems and today is one of the largest European institutes in this field. NILU is the Chemical Coordinating Centre for EMEP and coordinates the work under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on particulate matter. NILU is a member of the European Environment Agency’s Topic Centre on Air Quality and Climate Change. NILU has 30 years experience in ambient trace gas measurements. NILU has been involved in several recent or current EC-research projects relevant to the MEGAPOLI proposal, such as EUCAARI, EUSAAR, CREATE, EARLINET-ASOS, Retro, SCOUT-O3, GMES-GATO, FORMAT, ASSET, FUMAPEX, Air4EU and ACCENT. NILU is also a member of the Nordic Centre of Excellence CBACCI (Biosphere – Atmosphere - Clouds – Climate – Interactions). Role and contribution Implementation and application of subgrid emission parameterisations for selected megacities for use in air quality and exposure assessment. Participation in urban scale ensemble model analysis using the AirQUIS- 81
MEGAPOLI 212520 EPISODE model. Application of the FLEXPART model at the global scale to compute the dispersion of emission tracers from megacities to study their transport characteristics and to discriminate between surface and upper tropospheric effects. Impact of North American megacity plumes, in particular from the New York megalopolis, onto European atmospheric composition by evaluation using the existing measurement data from European background stations (e.g., EMEP stations) and previous airborne campaigns combined with FLEXPART simulations to identify periods influenced by transport from North American megacities. The frequency and impact of such episodes on European air quality and chemical composition will be studied. NILU will co-ordinate WP5 and participate in WP2 and WP4 Principal personnel involved Dr. Andreas Stohl (Senior scientist; Ph.: +47-63898000; Fax: +47-63898050, e-mail: ast@nilu.no) - is a senior researcher at NILU with more than 15 years of experience in the atmospheric sciences. His research focus is on the long-range transport of air pollution and he has worked extensively on intercontinental air pollution transport. He is author or co-author of 123 peer-reviewed publications and has edited a book about intercontinental air pollution transport. He was coordinator and/or PI in a large number of national and EU projects and currently co-ordinates the International Polar Year core project POLARCAT, with more than 100 partner institutions. Dr. Bruce Denby (Senior scientist; Ph.: +47-63898164; Fax: +47-63898050, e-mail: bde@nilu.no) - is a senior researcher at the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). He is chiefly involved in air quality modelling and assessment and coordinates model development and data assimilation activities within the department of Urban Environment and Industry. He participates in research and application related projects including recent EU projects such as Air4EU, CITYDELTA, FUMAPEX and EMECAP and is actively involved in a number of ETC/ACC tasks related to modelling and air quality assessment. He has experience in meteorological, atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence, chemical and also energy balance modelling. Recent and relevant publications Law, K. S., A. Stohl (2007): Arctic air pollution: Origins and impacts. Science 315, 1537-1540. Stohl, A. et al. (2007): Aircraft measurements over Europe of an air pollution plume from Southeast Asia – aerosol and chemical characterization. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 913-937. Stohl, A. et al. (2007): Arctic smoke – record high air pollution levels in the European Arctic due to agricultural fires in Eastern Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 511-534. Stohl, A. et al. (2006): Pan-Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D22214, doi:10.1029/2006JD007216. Stohl, A. (2006): Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Arctic troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. 111, D11306, doi:10.1029/2005JD006888. Kukkonen, J., M. Pohjola, R.Sokhi, L. Luhana, N. Kitwiroon, L. Fragkou, M. Rantamäki, E. Berge, V. Odegaard, L. Håvard Slørdal, B. Denby, S. Finardi, 2005. Analysis and evaluation of selected local-scale PM10 air pollution episodes in four European cities: Helsinki, London, Milan and Oslo. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 2759–2773. Partner 13: Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Expertise and experience of the organization PSI in Switzerland is a centre for multi-disciplinary research and one of the world's leading user laboratories. With its 1200 employees it belongs as an autonomous institution to the Swiss ETH domain. The Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) at PSI consists of about 35 researchers, including 15 PhD students. It has in-depth experience with the design of experiments to characterize physical and chemical properties of aerosols and has a strong interest in the impact of aerosols on air quality and climate. The laboratory operates a chamber facility for atmospheric chemistry simulation, as well as a continuous aerosol programme at the high Alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl) within the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Additional activities include a mobile measuring van as well as a large number of other state of the art facilities for atmospheric chemistry research, both custom built and commercially available. CAM-x modelling is used for comparison with experimental data. The LAC is currently involved in 9 EC projects, including e.g. EUCAARI and EUSAAR. Role and contribution PSI will lead WP 3 together with partner 6 (CNRS). Measurements of a wide variety of aerosol variables, use of state of the art statistical tools for source apportionment. Principal personnel involved Urs Baltensperger is Head of the Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry at PSI and Prof. at ETH Zurich. His research concerns the formation of secondary organic aerosol from gaseous precursors in a simulation chamber, as well as the physical and chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols and their impact on 82
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MEGACITIES • AIR QUALITY • CLIM
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MEGAPOLI PROJECT OFFICE OFFICIAL WE
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Table of Contents P
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MEGAPOLI 212520 PART A A1. Budget b
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Instrumentation Res
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MEGAPOLI 212520 T2: Investigate phy
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MEGAPOLI 212520 Local/urban ~1-10 2
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MEGAPOLI 212520 urban pollution hot
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MEGAPOLI 212520 for 40% of Italy’
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MEGAPOLI 212520 concentrates on enh
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MEGAPOLI 212520 processes of the ur
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MEGAPOLI 212520 The current state-o
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MEGAPOLI 212520 4) Impact of megaci
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MEGAPOLI 212520 processes can no lo
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MEGAPOLI 212520 CAIR4HEALTH and ENV
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MEGAPOLI 212520 B.1.3.4 Work packag
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Page 105 and 106: MEGAPOLI 212520 B3 Expected impacts
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Page 131: April 12, 2007 To whom it may conce
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Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering
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To whom it may concern: April 26, 2
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FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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30 April 2007 To whom it may concer
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