D E S C R I P T I O N O F W O R K - MEGAPOLI - Dmi

More documents

Recommendations

Info

<strong>MEGAPOLI</strong> 212520 WP5: Regional air quality and global atmospheric composition Work package number 5 Start date or starting event: Month 1 Work package title Regional air quality and global atmospheric composition Activity Type RTD Participant number 1 2 3 4 6 7 12 Person-months: 4 4 24 6 3 18 18 Participant number 14 15 16 17 18 23 Person-months: 3 16 6 6 6 6 Objectives O5 The overall objective is to quantify the effects of megacities on air quality of the region that surrounds and includes the megacities, and on the downwind atmospheric composition on regional to global scales. This will be achieved by combining regional and global CTMs with ground-based and airborne measurements, including improved satellite observations. In particular, we will use the observations in the Paris field campaign. Specific objectives are: O5.1 To improve existing regional and global CTMs to predict the megacity impacts on atmospheric composition O5.2 To evaluate regional CTMs to simulate air quality in the areas downwind of megacities, against measured data O5.3 To quantify the impacts of megacities on atmospheric composition at regional-to-global scales O5.4 To quantify the impacts of non-urban emission sources on the air pollution in megacities Description of work and role of participants Two modelling ensembles will be used in this WP, one applied on regional and the other on global scale. The regional model ensemble will include SILAM (FMI) with aerosol process models UHMA and SALSA (UHel), LOTOS-EUROS (TNO), CHIMERE (CNRS), Enviro-HIRLAM/CAC (DMI), UM-CMAQ and WRF-CMAQ (UH-CAIR), M-SYS (UHam), STEM/FARM (ARIANET) and PMCAMx (FORTH). The global model ensemble will be comprised of FLEXPART (NILU), ECHAM5/MESSy (MPI), MATCH-MPIC (MPI), and UM (MetO, UCAM). The complete regional model ensemble will be applied in the regions surrounding Paris, focusing on the campaign period. Task 5.1: Application of satellite data to characterize the regional-to-global-scale impact of megacities (lead: MPIC) Various satellite data products on tropospheric aerosols and trace gases will be used to quantify megacity-integrated emission fluxes and their impact on regional and global scale. Aerosol information (spectral AOD, effective size and speciation) will be retrieved from AATSR, MSG-SEVIRI and OMI. Data from other instruments will be used where necessary in collaboration with IPs EUCAARI and GEOMON (in particular CALIPSO, PARASOL and MODIS). Synergies between different instruments will be capitalized on, e.g., combining the vertical distributions of pollutants with the aerosol properties from MODIS or OMI. Tropospheric trace gas column densities of NO2, SO2, CO, HCHO and CHOCHO will be analysed from GOME-1 and -2, SCIAMACHY and OMI. Data-retrievals will be optimized for the regions of interest (in contrast to operational processing), and to visualize gradients and plumes of aerosols and trace gases. The pollutant fluxes to the regional scale will be determined by combining the satellite measurements with analyzed wind speed distributions. This task will contribute to objectives 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4. Task 5.2: Improvement of the regional and global CTMs to simulate megacities and their effects (lead: FORTH) The results of WPs 1-4 will be implemented into selected regional and global CTMs; these include improved emission inventories and their modelling, and better evaluations of their atmospheric oxidation products. In this task, new aerosol process modules (e.g., for nucleation, inorganic aerosol thermodynamics, secondary organic aerosol formation) will be developed (in collaboration with EUCAARI), and integrated to regional scale models. The regional CTMs will also be improved regarding parameterization of urbanisation factors such as turbulence inside megacities, the effects of surfaces, and energy exchanges. This task will address objective 5.1. Task 5.3: Evaluation of the current capability of regional CTMs to predict megacity plumes (lead: FMI). The complete regional CTM ensemble will be applied in the regions surrounding and within Paris for the field campaign period, and their performance will be evaluated against the available measurements. Performance of the statistical model ensemble will be evaluated and compared with the corresponding performance scores of the individual models. The complete regional CTM ensemble will also be applied to the megacities of the 1 st Level (i.e., European megacities defined in Figure 4), and the model predictions will be evaluated against available data. The evaluated models will be implemented in WP7 for evaluating the impacts of 2 nd Level megacities. This task is directly related to objective 5.2. Task 5.4: Determination of the impact of megacities on regional and global atmospheric composition (lead: FMI, MPIC, NILU) The comparison of a variety of regional and global models, running at different spatial resolutions for level 1 and 2 megacities, will result in valuable information on the effect of horizontal resolution on the representation of chemical and transport processes (and therefore provide guidance on the choice of optimal resolution and transport 41
<strong>MEGAPOLI</strong> 212520 parameterisation for future model development); the UCAM model, with its high resolution capabilities for a global model, will be particularly useful in providing this information. The sensitivity runs in both T5.4.1 and T5.4.2 will make use of the two special emissions sensitivity datasets – emissions removal and redistribution – developed in WP1, Task 7. Task 5.4.1: Regional scale impacts (lead: FMI). The improved regional CTMs, and selected global models, will be used to quantify the contribution of the megacity emissions (NOx, ozone, and ultrafine, fine, and coarse PM) in the surrounding regions of selected megacities. Full-chemistry model computations will be performed in the regions surrounding Paris for a period of at least a year that contains the campaigns. Longer-term simulations with simplified chemistry will be conducted for a longer, climatologically representative period. We will also conduct source apportionment studies using selected models (e.g., PMCAMx), and use reactive tracers (e.g., CHIMERE). Task 5.4.2: Global impacts (lead: MPIC). Similarly, the global CTMs and CCMs with full chemistry will be used to assess the impacts of present-day megacity emissions on regional and global ozone and aerosol chemistry, including deposition fluxes. This will be done for the full set of megacities collectively (level 3 in the pyramid), as well as for selected megacities or clusters of megacities individually. The redistribution sensitivity runs will provide directly relevant information to policy makers, and will feed information into WP8 for assessment of mitigation possibilities. The model output from this task will provide input for WP6. Task 5.4.3: Megacity pollutant dispersion characteristics (lead: NILU). Calculations will be performed with the global models to simulate the dispersion of representative artificial tracers released from selected megacities to study their transport characteristics, including their inter-annual variability, and to discriminate between pollutant build-up in the surface layer surrounding the cities, long-range export to neighbouring regions, and export to the upper troposphere. The characteristic time scales will be determined, over which megacity plumes disperse into the hemispheric background. The results of the regional and global simulations will be inter-compared over common computational domains. This is useful for the QA/QC of the modelling. These results can also be used for designing similar numerical experiments within the TF-HTAP (Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollutants, http://www.htap.org/). Task 5.5: The influence of non-urban pollution sources in megacities, and intercontinental transport (lead: DMI, NILU) Task 5.5.1: The influence of regional-scale pollution on megacities, and inverse modelling of the emissions of megacities (lead: DMI). In specific episodic conditions, the regional scale emissions (e.g., wild land fires, wood burning for heating, sea spray, wind-blown dust and various biogenic emissions) can have a substantial, or even a dominating impact on air quality in megacities. We will analyze their influence on the concentrations in selected megacities. Inverse model computations will be performed in order to quantify better the contributions of urban emissions on a regional scale. The inverse computational techniques take advantage of data assimilation methods, such as 4D-VAR. T.5.5.2: Intercontinental transport of plumes from megacities or agglomerations of megacities (lead: NILU). Megacity plumes can have a significant impact on atmospheric composition even after transport across intercontinental distances. However, this impact is difficult to detect in observational data. Transport of pollution from North American megacities, in particular the Boston/New York/Washington (Bosnywash) megalopolis, has probably the strongest impact on Europe of all intercontinental upwind regions. This will be evaluated using existing measurement data from European background stations (e.g., EMEP) and previous airborne campaigns. The data will be screened for observations of aged pollution plumes, which will be combined with the FLEXPART simulations to identify periods influenced by transport from the Bosnywash region. This task will address objectives 5.3 and 5.4. Task 5.6: Megacity impacts in the future (lead: MetO) Changes in emissions as well as in climate will affect the impacts of megacities on regional and global atmospheric composition. These changes will be examined by the global models in this task. The model simulations in Tasks 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 will be used as baseline scenarios. Similar sensitivity runs will then be performed for the future. In one set of runs, only the emissions (of all types) will be modified to future scenarios (most likely using the IIASA 2030 scenarios which were employed in the IPCC atmospheric chemistry model intercomparison), and the emissions from megacities will be removed or redistributed as done in 5.4.2, where the scenarios will be developed in collaboration with WP 8. In the second set of runs, in addition to the changed emissions, the driving meteorology will also be modified to represent future climates; the meteorological fields will be obtained through WP6, from the same models as used in this WP. The analysis will be done in coordination with WP7. By comparing the three types of runs we can determine individually the role that changes in emissions and changes in climate play in determining how megacities affect atmospheric composition. Deliverables D5.1 Characterization of megacity impact on regional and global scales using satellite data (month 18) D5.2 Provision of global and regional concentrations fields from initial baseline runs (month 18) D5.3 Evaluation and improvement of regional model simulations of megacity plumes (month 24) D5.4 Prediction of megacity impact on regional and global atmospheric composition (month 30) 42
Page 1 and 2: MEGACITIES • AIR QUALITY • CLIM
Page 3 and 4: MEGAPOLI PROJECT OFFICE OFFICIAL WE
Page 5 and 6: MEGAPOLI 212520 Table of Contents P
Page 7 and 8: MEGAPOLI 212520 PART A A1. Budget b
Page 9 and 10: MEGAPOLI 212520 Instrumentation Res
Page 11 and 12: MEGAPOLI 212520 T2: Investigate phy
Page 13 and 14: MEGAPOLI 212520 Local/urban ~1-10 2
Page 15 and 16: MEGAPOLI 212520 urban pollution hot
Page 17 and 18: MEGAPOLI 212520 for 40% of Italy’
Page 19 and 20: MEGAPOLI 212520 concentrates on enh
Page 21 and 22: MEGAPOLI 212520 processes of the ur
Page 23 and 24: MEGAPOLI 212520 The current state-o
Page 25 and 26: MEGAPOLI 212520 4) Impact of megaci
Page 27 and 28: MEGAPOLI 212520 processes can no lo
Page 29 and 30: MEGAPOLI 212520 CAIR4HEALTH and ENV
Page 31 and 32: MEGAPOLI 212520 B.1.3.4 Work packag
Page 33 and 34: MEGAPOLI 212520 D2.6 D2.7 D3.1 D3.2
Page 35 and 36: MEGAPOLI 212520 D8.3 Assessment of
Page 37 and 38: MEGAPOLI 212520 inventories. This m
Page 39 and 40: MEGAPOLI 212520 WP3: Megacity Plume
Page 41 and 42: MEGAPOLI 212520 • the related var
Page 43: MEGAPOLI 212520 -specific and sourc
Page 47 and 48: MEGAPOLI 212520 WP6: Regional and g
Page 49 and 50: MEGAPOLI 212520 WP7: Integrated too
Page 51 and 52: MEGAPOLI 212520 WP8: Mitigation, po
Page 53 and 54: MEGAPOLI 212520 WP9: Dissemination
Page 55 and 56: MEGAPOLI 212520 B.1.3.7 Summary of
Page 57 and 58: MEGAPOLI 212520 Project Effort Form
Page 59 and 60: MEGAPOLI 212520 Project Effort Form
Page 61 and 62: MEGAPOLI 212520 M7.1 Determination
Page 63 and 64: MEGAPOLI 212520 T4.3 Interactions b
Page 65 and 66: MEGAPOLI 212520 B2. Implementation
Page 67 and 68: MEGAPOLI 212520 Table 2.2 MEGAPOLI
Page 69 and 70: MEGAPOLI 212520 expected and unexpe
Page 71 and 72: MEGAPOLI 212520 used in a variety o
Page 73 and 74: MEGAPOLI 212520 modelling and envir
Page 75 and 76: MEGAPOLI 212520 6.1: CNRS - LISA Ex
Page 77 and 78: MEGAPOLI 212520 chemistry. His curr
Page 79 and 80: MEGAPOLI 212520 Role and contributi
Page 81 and 82: MEGAPOLI 212520 Quality Unit has lo
Page 83 and 84: MEGAPOLI 212520 Canada, Mexico, US;
Page 85 and 86: MEGAPOLI 212520 EPISODE model. Appl
Page 87 and 88: MEGAPOLI 212520 authored ~ 30 peer-
Page 89 and 90: MEGAPOLI 212520 including chemistry
Page 91 and 92: MEGAPOLI 212520 meteorological and
Page 93 and 94: MEGAPOLI 212520 environmental conve
Page 95 and 96:
MEGAPOLI 212520 subjects are dynami
Page 97 and 98:
MEGAPOLI 212520 UK MetO KCL UCam UH
Page 99 and 100:
MEGAPOLI 212520 15 MetO W. Collins,
Page 101 and 102:
MEGAPOLI 212520 11. USEPA-AR: US-En
Page 103 and 104:
MEGAPOLI 212520 member states. In t
Page 105 and 106:
MEGAPOLI 212520 B3 Expected impacts
Page 107 and 108:
MEGAPOLI 212520 The scientific know
Page 109 and 110:
MEGAPOLI 212520 European and other
Page 111 and 112:
MEGAPOLI 212520 for applying, obtai
Page 113 and 114:
MEGAPOLI 212520 B5. Consideration o
Page 115 and 116:
MEGAPOLI 212520 Galmarini S., Vilà
Page 117 and 118:
MEGAPOLI 212520 Schaap, M, van Loon
Page 119 and 120:
MEGAPOLI 212520 Appendix 1: Specifi
Page 121 and 122:
MEGAPOLI 212520 Appendix 2: List of
Page 123 and 124:
MEGAPOLI 212520 DMS Dimethyl sulphi
Page 125 and 126:
MEGAPOLI 212520 INTAS The Internati
Page 127 and 128:
MEGAPOLI 212520 PMC Project Managem
Page 129 and 130:
MEGAPOLI 212520 UTLS Upper Troposph
Page 131:
April 12, 2007 To whom it may conce
Page 140 and 141:
Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering
Page 142 and 143:
To whom it may concern: April 26, 2
Page 148:
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Page 152:
30 April 2007 To whom it may concer
show all

D E S C R I P T I O N O F W O R K - MEGAPOLI - Dmi

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?