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Applied Superconductivity - Walther Meißner Institut - Bayerische ...

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ContentsPrefacexxiI Foundations of the Josephson Effect 11 Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena 31.1 The Macroscopic Quantum Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1.1 Coherent Phenomena in <strong>Superconductivity</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1.2 Macroscopic Quantum Currents in Superconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.1.3 The London Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.2 Flux Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.2.1 Flux and Fluxoid Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.2.2 Experimental Proof of Flux Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.2.3 Additional Topic:Rotating Superconductor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.3 Josephson Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.3.1 The Josephson Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.3.2 Josephson Tunneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 JJs: The Zero Voltage State 432.1 Basic Properties of Lumped Josephson Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.1.1 The Lumped Josephson Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.1.2 The Josephson Coupling Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.1.3 The Superconducting State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.1.4 The Josephson Inductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.1.5 Mechanical Analogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.2 Short Josephson Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.2.1 Quantum Interference Effects – Short Josephson Junction in an <strong>Applied</strong> MagneticField . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50iii

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