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Psychedelic-information-theory-Shamanism-in-the-age-of-Reason

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Chapter 085-HT2A Agonism andMultisensory B<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gMost visual halluc<strong>in</strong>ogens are active as full or partial agonists at <strong>the</strong>5-HT 2A receptor subtype, and all produce similar visual halluc<strong>in</strong>ationsthat are immediately recognizable as psychedelic. 1 Although <strong>the</strong> 5-HT 2Areceptor subtype is not <strong>the</strong> only receptor implicated <strong>in</strong>halluc<strong>in</strong>ogenesis, 2 it is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most studied halluc<strong>in</strong>ogenic targetsand <strong>of</strong>fers some <strong>in</strong>sights <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> classical psychedelic<strong>in</strong>teraction. 5-HT 2A receptors are ubiquitous throughout <strong>the</strong> nervoussystem, found <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> sensory cortex, <strong>the</strong> frontal cortex, <strong>the</strong> olfactorycortex, <strong>the</strong> basal ganglia, <strong>the</strong> cerebellum, <strong>the</strong> hippocampus, thalamicnuclei, bra<strong>in</strong>stem nuclei, sensory neurons, platelets, fibroblasts,<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>es, smooth muscles, and cardiovascular systems. 3,4,5,6 Byfollow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> pathways <strong>of</strong> 5-HT 2A modulated signal transductionthrough <strong>the</strong> human organism it is possible to extrapolate thatpsychedelic experience is not limited to mere halluc<strong>in</strong>ation, but is<strong>in</strong>stead a complex multi-layered experience <strong>in</strong>tegrated throughout allbiological signal<strong>in</strong>g systems. The layer<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> cellular signal<strong>in</strong>g systemsmediated by 5-HT provides a framework for view<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> 5-HT 2Apathway as a primary modulator for homeostatic feedback regulation <strong>of</strong>multisensory awareness, behavior, and learn<strong>in</strong>g. 7 5-HT 2A receptoragonists (halluc<strong>in</strong>ogens) promote dis<strong>in</strong>hibition and excitability <strong>in</strong> 5-HTmediated pathways, <strong>in</strong>dicat<strong>in</strong>g that psychedelic action is <strong>the</strong> product <strong>of</strong>spontaneous nonl<strong>in</strong>ear feedback excitation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> recurrent circuitsresponsible for real-time b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> sensation to multisensoryperception, affective behavior, and <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> consciousness.

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