innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage

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It is necessary to delimit carefully the scope of any thematic study. The geographical areaof study is defined that under the jurisdiction of the London County Council (LCC), whichwas the local education authority between 1904 and 1965. The largest school district inBritain, it comprised an area of 117 square miles and housed a population of 4.5 million in1939. 5 The County of London was divided into a number of London boroughs (hereafterabbreviated to L B).The present report considers every stage of education up to the statutory school-leavingage (raised to 14 in 1918); and both state-aided and independent schools. In London,the ‘Council’ or ‘provided’ schools were designed by the Architect’s Department ofthe London County Council (hereafter referred to as LCC AD), and thereafter directlymaintained by LCC as local education authority. Non-provided, voluntary or endowedday schools such as church schools had to provide their own buildings, which were usuallydesigned by architects in private practice. 6 Lastly, the so-called ‘public’ or independentschools were entirely funded from private sources, usually in the form of school fees.Certain specialised types of schools such as reformatory, industrial and hospital schools,children’s homes, remand homes and orphanages have been excluded from the report. 7The provision of secondary technical education in London came in the form of junior daytechnical classes and junior technical schools run as departments of further educationinstitutions after regulations drawn up by the Board of Education in 1913. 8 This topicKeyExtant schoolHackneyDemolished schoolF O R M E R L YM I D D L E S E XCamdenIslingtonTowerHamletsF O R M E R L YE S S E XWestminsterCityKensington& ChelseaHammersmith& FulhamGreenwichLambethWandsworthSouthwarkLewishamF O R M E R L YS U R R E YF O R M E R L YK E N T0 5 1020 KilometresFigure *: Map of the County of London with modern boroughs, showing distribution of purpose-builtFig. schools, 3: Map 1918-44. of the County of London with modern boroughs, showing distribution and survival of purpose-builtschools, 1918-44. The distribution pattern of demolished schools is influenced by several different factors, one ofwhich is school renewal programmes undertaken in the last decade by local education authorities.© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 09
would best be considered within the scope of a separate study of London’s technicalinstitutions. 9Only purpose-built schools erected between 1918 and 1944 are considered, and not theadaptive reuse of older schools, although it is recognised that reconditioning programmeswere a key aspect of state school provision during the period. 10 Nor are extensions andancillary buildings considered in detail, with the exception of a few projects considered tobe of particular architectural interest. Similarly, the conversion of other building types toeducational use is outside the scope of this report, although it played an important rolein, for example, the provision by the LCC of day continuation schools after 1918 (see PartI). Lastly, original school names are used throughout; current school names are listed inthe appendices.© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 09
Page 2 and 3: Research Department Report Series 4
Page 11: The final part of the report proper
Page 15 and 16: © ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 09
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionThe provision of school
Page 19 and 20: The augmentation of state nursery p
Page 21 and 22: central schools, either newly built
Page 23 and 24: Fig 8: Model of Impington, possibly
Page 25 and 26: single-storey brick buildings, redu
Page 27 and 28: 33 Board of Education 1931a, 58.34
Page 29 and 30: IntroductionFrom 1870 until 1990, t
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 12: SBL datestone from the Wes
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 14: The classroom pavilions at
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 18: Granton Road School, L B L
Page 37 and 38: considered no less important. Londo
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 22: Infants' Department of Ath
Page 41 and 42: module. 41 Stillman’s schools wer
Page 43 and 44: a spacious playground with retained
Page 45 and 46: collegiate air of a preparatory sch
Page 47 and 48: Fig 32: Junior school classrooms at
Page 49 and 50: emain a “book-learnt” conceptio
Page 51 and 52: Fig 36: Herbert Francis Thomas Coop
Page 53 and 54: contemporaries, with their widely s
Page 55 and 56: Endnotes1 On the abolition of the L
Page 57 and 58: 60 Board of Education 1938.61 Saler
Page 59 and 60: The nursery schoolCase studies:•
Page 61 and 62: designs, the second of 1937 with Ma
Page 63 and 64:
Fig. 52: Webb Street School elevati
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Fig. 55: North Hammersmith Central
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The secondary schoolCase studies:
Page 69 and 70:
Fig 59: Maze Hill elevation to the
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admired ‘more than any other arch
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grants in the form of building subs
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accommodated 440 junior children in
Page 77 and 78:
The open-air schoolCase studies:•
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three open-air schools opened by th
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Fig 71: The buildings of the Geere
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As Frederick Rose predicted in 1908
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L B Wandsworth, by providing ‘roo
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LAN ANCE SURVEY PLANwithout mainten
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Endnotes1 LCC minutes 17.7.1928, p.
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44 Catholic Hall, Appleton Road, El
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© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 098
Page 95 and 96:
Board of Education 1923 The differe
Page 97 and 98:
English Heritage 1993 General princ
Page 99 and 100:
Morrison, K. 1999 The workhouse: a
Page 101 and 102:
Whitbread N. 1972 The evolution of
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Appendix 1: Gazetteer of extant pur
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Original name Present Name & Addres
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
The S towag e pl anPeckham Park, 18
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The en d hall pl anUpper North Stre
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The b u t ter fly pl anAthelney Str
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• Separate-block planning refers
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Appendix 5: Glossary of school type
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increasing popular after the 1926 a
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innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage