innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage

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Figs. 67 & 68: Two tenets of open-air education. Top: Open-air classes atthe first English open-air school, Bostall Wood, L B Woolwich (LCC AD, 1908).Bottom: Rest at the Holly Court Open-Air School, L B Westmister (LCC AD,1927). (L M A :SC /PHL /02/0428 -2 (top); L M A :SC /PHL /02/0428 -50; City ofLondon, London Metropolitan Archives).The pioneering efforts by the LCC were soon followed by open-air schools in Barnsley,Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Darlington, Halifax, Kettering, Liverpool, Norwich,Northumberland and Sheffield. 54 What started as an experiment was supported after1917 by the LCC’s new architect George Topham Forrest, who had constructed open-airschools in his role as County Architect for Northumberland. Open-air schools, for thefirst time open twelve months of the year, became a major element of the LCC’s specialeducational service. The simple and economical buildings encouraged this policy: the© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 0971
three open-air schools opened by the LCC in 1919-20 are virtually the sum total of all LCCschool-building activity in the period.The post-1918 LCC open-air schools comprised a mixture of square pavilion classroomsand rectangular, gabled rest and dining shelters. They differed from their continentalmodels in making use of the grounds of 18 th and 19 th century villas for their pavilionclassrooms and dining and rest shelters, whilst adapting the old houses to include akitchen, bathing and drying rooms, medical room, staffrooms, storage and sometimeswet-weather classrooms. 55 Spacious grounds provided the location for lessons devoted tonature study, physical exercises, gardening and creative play. At Stowey House, Sir HenryGauvain (1878-1945), the Council’s consultant on tuberculosis, commenced ‘sunlightclasses’ in 1923. 56Aspen House, Brixton Hill, L B Lambeth (listed grade II), is a typical LCC open-air school.The ¾ acre site of the former Aspen House, including its surviving stable range, waspurchased by the LCC in 1920 and plans for the new open-air school approved in 1924;the school opened in November 1925. The site comprised four pavilion classrooms and arectangular rest and dining shelter ‘of improved design’, all unheated; and the stable blockprovided administrative accommodation. 57 The classrooms are raised off the ground ontimber posts with distinctive diagonal bracing, with a door entered up a flight of steps.The classroom was originally open to the elements above dado level (the area abovewas glazed in the 1950s). The open hipped roof is clad in felt and incorporates deeplyoverhanging eaves to limit the penetration of direct sunlight and throw rainwater clear ofthe perimeter walkway.Fig 69: Pavilion classroom at Aspen House Open-Air School, L B Lambeth (LCC AD, 1925)(DP0703455).© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 0972
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Research Department Report Series 4
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The final part of the report proper
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would best be considered within the
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© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 09
Page 17 and 18:
IntroductionThe provision of school
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The augmentation of state nursery p
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central schools, either newly built
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Fig 8: Model of Impington, possibly
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single-storey brick buildings, redu
Page 27 and 28: 33 Board of Education 1931a, 58.34
Page 29 and 30: IntroductionFrom 1870 until 1990, t
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 12: SBL datestone from the Wes
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 14: The classroom pavilions at
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 18: Granton Road School, L B L
Page 37 and 38: considered no less important. Londo
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 22: Infants' Department of Ath
Page 41 and 42: module. 41 Stillman’s schools wer
Page 43 and 44: a spacious playground with retained
Page 45 and 46: collegiate air of a preparatory sch
Page 47 and 48: Fig 32: Junior school classrooms at
Page 49 and 50: emain a “book-learnt” conceptio
Page 51 and 52: Fig 36: Herbert Francis Thomas Coop
Page 53 and 54: contemporaries, with their widely s
Page 55 and 56: Endnotes1 On the abolition of the L
Page 57 and 58: 60 Board of Education 1938.61 Saler
Page 59 and 60: The nursery schoolCase studies:•
Page 61 and 62: designs, the second of 1937 with Ma
Page 63 and 64: Fig. 52: Webb Street School elevati
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 55: North Hammersmith Central
Page 67 and 68: The secondary schoolCase studies:
Page 69 and 70: Fig 59: Maze Hill elevation to the
Page 71 and 72: admired ‘more than any other arch
Page 73 and 74: grants in the form of building subs
Page 75 and 76: accommodated 440 junior children in
Page 77: The open-air schoolCase studies:•
Page 81 and 82: Fig 71: The buildings of the Geere
Page 83 and 84: As Frederick Rose predicted in 1908
Page 85 and 86: L B Wandsworth, by providing ‘roo
Page 87 and 88: LAN ANCE SURVEY PLANwithout mainten
Page 89 and 90: Endnotes1 LCC minutes 17.7.1928, p.
Page 91 and 92: 44 Catholic Hall, Appleton Road, El
Page 93 and 94: © ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 098
Page 95 and 96: Board of Education 1923 The differe
Page 97 and 98: English Heritage 1993 General princ
Page 99 and 100: Morrison, K. 1999 The workhouse: a
Page 101 and 102: Whitbread N. 1972 The evolution of
Page 103 and 104: Appendix 1: Gazetteer of extant pur
Page 105 and 106: Original name Present Name & Addres
Page 111 and 112: The S towag e pl anPeckham Park, 18
Page 113 and 114: The en d hall pl anUpper North Stre
Page 115 and 116: The b u t ter fly pl anAthelney Str
Page 117 and 118: • Separate-block planning refers
Page 119 and 120: Appendix 5: Glossary of school type
Page 121 and 122: increasing popular after the 1926 a
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innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage