innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage

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The maintained elementary schoolCase studies:• Sumner Road Elementary School (now occupied by the NHS Southwark Primary Care Trust),Peckham, L B Southwark. LCC AD, 1921-22; unlisted.• Webb Street Elementary School (now Grange Primary School), Bermondsey, L B Southwark.LCC AD, 1922; unlisted.• Hanover Street Elementary School, L B Islington. LCC AD, 1931-32; unlisted.• North Hammersmith Central (initially named Wormholt Estate Central; now HammersmithSecondary School), L B Hammersmith & Fulham. LCC AD, 1930-31; unlisted.• Henry Fawcett Elementary School, L B Lambeth. LCC AD, 1937; unlisted.New elementary schools in the state sector were either rebuildings of LondonBoard schools or served the new LCC cottage estates. The renewal programme wasnecessitated by the Board of Education’s planning standards and the LCC’s ‘40 and 48’scheme, adopted in 1912 in agreement with the Board, in which class sizes maxima of48 juniors and 40 seniors wasset. As it was seldom possible toextend the site, the replacementswere by necessity ‘triple-deckers’.The rebuilt schools followed astandard plan adopted by the LCCin 1917 (known as the ‘Stowageplan’; see Appendix 4). This isa compact multi-storied plan,with double-banked classroomsflanking a central hall. Theresultant double-pile structureis in two hipped ranges withan intervening top-lit corridor.Separate entrances/stair bays forinfants, girls and boys are placedon, or near to, the short ends.Fig 50: Sumner Road School, L B Southwark. (LCC AD, 1921-22).(DP070350).Webb Street School of 1920-22and Sumner Road School of 1921-22 (both L B Southwark) wereamongst the first wave of postwarBoard school rebuildings,under George Topham Forrest. 5The accommodation schedule atSumner Road necessitated theaddition of two classrooms at thesouth end. At Webb Street (jobFig. 51: Webb Street School, L B Southwark. (LCC AD, 1922).(DP070351).© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 0955
Fig. 52: Webb Street School elevation, drawn by Chevalier WorbyBeaumont and checked by W. Brown. One of a number of LCC ADdrawings held by the school (DP070352).architect probably W. Brown,formerly of the SBL), the axialplan is reflected by symmetrical15-bay elevations of yellowbrick, relieved by the sparinguse of ashlar dressings. 6 Theclassrooms are lit by wide crosswindows,comprising centrehunglights above double-hungunits. Windows of conventionalsash proportions (with theoccasional oeil-de-boeufwindow) light the projecting andpedimented entrance bays andthe central five-bay hall. Thecontemporary Sumner Roadschool is of similar appearance,but with double-transomed windows and a bold eaves cornice of artificial stone. Theroof playground is shielded by a high blind parapet, pierced by semicircular openings.The period c.1925-35 saw the LCC AD making an earnest attempt to incorporate open-airclassrooms into their elementary schools, although they declared their intention to do soas early as 1920. 7 South-facing classroom elevations typically comprise a series of foldingscreen doors with centrally-pivoted clerestorey windows. Corridors were sometimesreplaced by open-air verandas, greatly increasing the cross-ventilation. The innovationof the LCC, faced with small urban plots, was to introduce the open-air classroom toits multi-storey schools. The use of balconies and galleries can be seen at its boldest atEaldham Square, L B Greenwich of 1929, ‘an experiment in the application of open-airprinciples to a three-storey elementary school’. 8 Here the load-bearing constructionFig. 53: Ealdham Square School, L B Greenwich (LCCAD, 1929). Left: south elevation, showing open airclassrooms. Right: north elevation, with gallery access (L M A : SC /PHL /02/0240 -39 (left), SC /PHL /02/0240 - 40;City of London, London Metropolitan Archives).© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 0956
Page 2 and 3:
Research Department Report Series 4
Page 11 and 12: The final part of the report proper
Page 13 and 14: would best be considered within the
Page 15 and 16: © ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 09
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionThe provision of school
Page 19 and 20: The augmentation of state nursery p
Page 21 and 22: central schools, either newly built
Page 23 and 24: Fig 8: Model of Impington, possibly
Page 25 and 26: single-storey brick buildings, redu
Page 27 and 28: 33 Board of Education 1931a, 58.34
Page 29 and 30: IntroductionFrom 1870 until 1990, t
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 12: SBL datestone from the Wes
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 14: The classroom pavilions at
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 18: Granton Road School, L B L
Page 37 and 38: considered no less important. Londo
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 22: Infants' Department of Ath
Page 41 and 42: module. 41 Stillman’s schools wer
Page 43 and 44: a spacious playground with retained
Page 45 and 46: collegiate air of a preparatory sch
Page 47 and 48: Fig 32: Junior school classrooms at
Page 49 and 50: emain a “book-learnt” conceptio
Page 51 and 52: Fig 36: Herbert Francis Thomas Coop
Page 53 and 54: contemporaries, with their widely s
Page 55 and 56: Endnotes1 On the abolition of the L
Page 57 and 58: 60 Board of Education 1938.61 Saler
Page 59 and 60: The nursery schoolCase studies:•
Page 61: designs, the second of 1937 with Ma
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 55: North Hammersmith Central
Page 67 and 68: The secondary schoolCase studies:
Page 69 and 70: Fig 59: Maze Hill elevation to the
Page 71 and 72: admired ‘more than any other arch
Page 73 and 74: grants in the form of building subs
Page 75 and 76: accommodated 440 junior children in
Page 77 and 78: The open-air schoolCase studies:•
Page 79 and 80: three open-air schools opened by th
Page 81 and 82: Fig 71: The buildings of the Geere
Page 83 and 84: As Frederick Rose predicted in 1908
Page 85 and 86: L B Wandsworth, by providing ‘roo
Page 87 and 88: LAN ANCE SURVEY PLANwithout mainten
Page 89 and 90: Endnotes1 LCC minutes 17.7.1928, p.
Page 91 and 92: 44 Catholic Hall, Appleton Road, El
Page 93 and 94: © ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 098
Page 95 and 96: Board of Education 1923 The differe
Page 97 and 98: English Heritage 1993 General princ
Page 99 and 100: Morrison, K. 1999 The workhouse: a
Page 101 and 102: Whitbread N. 1972 The evolution of
Page 103 and 104: Appendix 1: Gazetteer of extant pur
Page 105 and 106: Original name Present Name & Addres
Page 111 and 112: The S towag e pl anPeckham Park, 18
Page 113 and 114:
The en d hall pl anUpper North Stre
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The b u t ter fly pl anAthelney Str
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• Separate-block planning refers
Page 119 and 120:
Appendix 5: Glossary of school type
Page 121 and 122:
increasing popular after the 1926 a
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innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage