innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage

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of the classroom range is pared down to a series of brick piers which separate seriesof French windows. The architectural integrity of this important school has beencompromised by unsympathetic window replacements.Hanover Street School, L BIslington of 1931-32 is again arebuilding of a triple-deckerBoard school on a crampedsite between the Regent’sCanal and Noel Road (thenHanover Street). The sitewas enlarged through thedemolition of twelve housesadjoining to the west, whichallowed the new schoollower-density classroomaccommodation. The newschool was for infants andjuniors only, reflecting theinfluence of the Hadowreports (see page 13). Itsappearance, judged ‘mostunusual’ by Bridget Cherry,is a response both to thelimited site and the LCC policyof open-air classrooms. 9 Thecentral classroom block issingle-banked, and the halland practical workshops sitedon angled blocks located atFig 54: South elevation of Hanover Street School, L B Islington,(LCC AD, 1931-32), overlooking the Regent's Canal. (L M A :SC /PHL /02/0243 - 6; City of London, London Metropolitan Archives).each end. All three storeys have open air elevations to the south, with full-width Frenchwindows opening onto balconies overlooking the canal, and centrally-pivoted windowsover. A roof playground is carried on full-height piers which project forward of thecorridor elevation to present something of a portico to the street. The elevations of theend-blocks mix the giant order theme with art-deco brick detailing.‘Semi open-air classrooms’ were also incorporated at the North Hammersmith CentralSchool, L B Hammersmith and Fulham of 1930-31, which accommodated 400 childrenfrom the contemporary Wormholt estate. It is a two-storey school of U plan, with asingle-banked, south-facing classroom block flanked by a hall, workshops and ancillaryaccommodation. The first-floor classrooms were originally accessed by an open galleryor covered way supported on brick piers. The ground-floor open-air classrooms havetwo pairs of French windows with clerestorey windows over. Teachers and educationalinspectors soon staged a backlash against ‘draughty classrooms’, and in subsequentclassrooms French windows were replaced by a large area of fixed glazing. With afew years of construction, the LCC infilled open verandas and covered ways at severalschools. 10© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 0957
Fig. 55: North Hammersmith Central School, , L B Hammersmith and Fulham (LCC AD; 1931). The 'veranda'corridors, shown in this 1932 photograph (left), had been infilled by 1937 (right).(Left: L M A : SC /PHL /02/0267-21; City of London, London Metropolitan Archives. Right: DP070353).Horizontal windows, soon followed by flat roofs (assisted by the functional argument ofrooftop playgrounds) were introduced to LCC AD schools under Forrest’s successor EdwinPaul Wheeler (1935-39). Many of these late schools were credited to H.F.T. Cooper(1874-1944), the Divisional Architect for schools from 1934-39:Turnham L B Lewisham 1934-35King’s Park L B Greenwich 1934Cooper’s Lane L B Lewisham 1936Credon Road L B Southwark 1936Henry Fawcett L B Lambeth 1936-37Dog Kennel Hill L B Southwark 1937Cubitt Town L B Tower Hamlets 1937Middle Park L B Greenwich 1937Dalston County Secondary L B Hackney 1939 (dem.)A younger generation of designers were responsible for the introduction of theseelements, often juxtaposed with mildly Art Deco or Dudokian brick decoration. Thesuperficiality of this approach was betrayed by the reluctance of the LCC to depart fromtimber windows: it is instructive to compare the LCC out-county schools with their moreprogressive neighbours in Middlesex, Sussex, Essex and Kent, some of which are steelframed. 11The Henry Fawcett Elementary School, L B Lambeth, is typical of the development of theLCC elementary school up to the outbreak of war. The three-storey building occupies thenorth and western perimeter of the site to gain maximum solar exposure. Its butterflyplan has two single-banked classroom blocks radiating from a central hall. Classroomselevations are highly glazed with large horizontal timber windows, but most of thewindows are fixed, marking a retreat from the flirtation with open-air classrooms. Areasof stack bond between windows introduce a horizontal banding effect, offset by thevertical proportions of the windows to the corridors and stairs. The rooftop playgroundwas in common use by the LCC for multi-storey schools. 12 The entrances were singled© ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 0958
Page 2 and 3:
Research Department Report Series 4
Page 11 and 12:
The final part of the report proper
Page 13 and 14: would best be considered within the
Page 15 and 16: © ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 09
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionThe provision of school
Page 19 and 20: The augmentation of state nursery p
Page 21 and 22: central schools, either newly built
Page 23 and 24: Fig 8: Model of Impington, possibly
Page 25 and 26: single-storey brick buildings, redu
Page 27 and 28: 33 Board of Education 1931a, 58.34
Page 29 and 30: IntroductionFrom 1870 until 1990, t
Page 31 and 32: Fig. 12: SBL datestone from the Wes
Page 33 and 34: Fig. 14: The classroom pavilions at
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 18: Granton Road School, L B L
Page 37 and 38: considered no less important. Londo
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 22: Infants' Department of Ath
Page 41 and 42: module. 41 Stillman’s schools wer
Page 43 and 44: a spacious playground with retained
Page 45 and 46: collegiate air of a preparatory sch
Page 47 and 48: Fig 32: Junior school classrooms at
Page 49 and 50: emain a “book-learnt” conceptio
Page 51 and 52: Fig 36: Herbert Francis Thomas Coop
Page 53 and 54: contemporaries, with their widely s
Page 55 and 56: Endnotes1 On the abolition of the L
Page 57 and 58: 60 Board of Education 1938.61 Saler
Page 59 and 60: The nursery schoolCase studies:•
Page 61 and 62: designs, the second of 1937 with Ma
Page 63: Fig. 52: Webb Street School elevati
Page 67 and 68: The secondary schoolCase studies:
Page 69 and 70: Fig 59: Maze Hill elevation to the
Page 71 and 72: admired ‘more than any other arch
Page 73 and 74: grants in the form of building subs
Page 75 and 76: accommodated 440 junior children in
Page 77 and 78: The open-air schoolCase studies:•
Page 79 and 80: three open-air schools opened by th
Page 81 and 82: Fig 71: The buildings of the Geere
Page 83 and 84: As Frederick Rose predicted in 1908
Page 85 and 86: L B Wandsworth, by providing ‘roo
Page 87 and 88: LAN ANCE SURVEY PLANwithout mainten
Page 89 and 90: Endnotes1 LCC minutes 17.7.1928, p.
Page 91 and 92: 44 Catholic Hall, Appleton Road, El
Page 93 and 94: © ENGLISH H ER I TAG E 43 - 20 098
Page 95 and 96: Board of Education 1923 The differe
Page 97 and 98: English Heritage 1993 General princ
Page 99 and 100: Morrison, K. 1999 The workhouse: a
Page 101 and 102: Whitbread N. 1972 The evolution of
Page 103 and 104: Appendix 1: Gazetteer of extant pur
Page 105 and 106: Original name Present Name & Addres
Page 111 and 112: The S towag e pl anPeckham Park, 18
Page 113 and 114: The en d hall pl anUpper North Stre
Page 115 and 116:
The b u t ter fly pl anAthelney Str
Page 117 and 118:
• Separate-block planning refers
Page 119 and 120:
Appendix 5: Glossary of school type
Page 121 and 122:
increasing popular after the 1926 a
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innerâlondon schools 1918â44 a thematic study - English Heritage