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TRANSLATION AS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONneed to have an idea of the type of text they have to translate and what cultureboundfeatures it may manifest. They will then, at the level of ‘behaviour’,need to account for ‘what it is that is going on’, the sense immanent in theindividual sentences. Moving away from technical culture to the formal, themediator becomes concerned with appropriacy: how the text has been writtenand how the text operates (or might operate) in the target culture. At the levelof ‘values and beliefs’, mediators, taking the third perceptual position, willfocus on the out-of-awareness levels of culture: what beliefs and values areimplicitly carried by the ST, how these are likely to be filtered by the intendedtarget reader; and what the (likely) intentions of the ST author were comparedto the actors involved in the translation. In short, ‘why are these things goingon?’ Hence, at the level of identity we have a variety of actors involved, bothwithin and outside the text, who embody a cluster of values and/or beliefswhich will favour a set of text strategies, visible as the text itself, producedwithin a particular environment. At this level of ‘identity’, the mediator willtake into account the needs or requirements of the other actors, such as theST author, commissioner and intended reader; and last, but not least, themediator’s own beliefs about how to mediate.Finally, the level of ‘mission’ is concerned with the way roles relate to societyand how translating affects the status quo, and questions the profession itself.It answers the larger more existential question as to ‘why’ the mediator shoulddecide to accept (or not) a particular commission at a particular time, andwhat it is that has guided an individual to act as a mediator. This level, too,brings into question the whole system within which power relations, roles,values, strategies and behaviours underpinning intercultural communicationare sanctified.5.8 CONCLUSIONTo conclude, translation as intercultural communication requires treating thetext itself as only one of the cues of meaning. Other, ‘silent’, ‘hidden’ and‘unconscious’ factors, which when shared may be termed cultural, determinehow a text will be understood. In translating, a new text will be created whichwill be read according to a different map or model of the world, through aseries of different set of perception filters. Hence the need to mediate. Thetranslator should be able to model the various worlds, through, for example,the Logical Levels model, and by switching perceptual positions gain a morecomplete picture of ‘What it is that is, could or should be, going on’.NOTES1 This chapter is a much expanded version of the author’s ‘translation as culture’ entryin Baker and Saldanha (2008).91
DAVID KATAN2 In my personal possession.3 These terms were coined by Pike (Headland et al. 1990) to distinguish the unframed,subjective and personal (emic) from the framed (etic) typing or classification. Theetic approach will be the result of (ideally) objective and generalized empiricalstudy.92
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THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANIONTO TRANSLATI
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THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANIONTO TRANSLATI
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CONTENTSList of figures and tablesL
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FIGURES AND TABLESFIGURES1.1 Transl
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CONTRIBUTORSdata-driven work on the
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CONTRIBUTORSJeremy Munday is Senior
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ABBREVIATIONSSLSTTLTTSource languag
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JEREMY MUNDAYNoteworthy is Cicero
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JEREMY MUNDAYauthors are women, whi
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JEREMY MUNDAY‘Intralingual’ tra
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JEREMY MUNDAYMore derivativeMore pr
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JEREMY MUNDAYtheory accommodating s
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JEREMY MUNDAYbetween the translator
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JEREMY MUNDAYideological promptings
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JEREMY MUNDAYcontrolled language. T
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JEREMY MUNDAYTechnology, not just r
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2THE LINGUISTIC AND COMMUNICATIVEST
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PETER NEWMARKsense-for-sense not wo
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PETER NEWMARKtranslating, which may
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PETER NEWMARKThe linguistic philoso
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PETER NEWMARKonly depend on the par
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PETER NEWMARKIn Approaches to Trans
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PETER NEWMARKTABLE 2.1 Summary of V
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PETER NEWMARKpolitical migrations -
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3TRANSLATING TEXT IN CONTEXTBASIL H
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BASIL HATIM3.2.1 REGISTER MEMBERSHI
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Page 57 and 58: BASIL HATIMis informed by a theory
Page 59 and 60: BASIL HATIMkind of involved ‘argu
Page 61 and 62: BASIL HATIMfor example, to tell whe
Page 63 and 64: BASIL HATIM(b) the contrast between
Page 65 and 66: BASIL HATIMREGISTER (home to >CONTE
Page 67 and 68: BASIL HATIMthe reasons for the stat
Page 69 and 70: 4TRANSLATION AS A COGNITIVE ACTIVIT
Page 71 and 72: AMPARO HURTADO ALBIR AND FABIO ALVE
Page 89 and 90: 5TRANSLATION AS INTERCULTURALCOMMUN
Page 91 and 92: DAVID KATANdifferences’ to be app
Page 93 and 94: DAVID KATANin much the same way as
Page 95 and 96: DAVID KATANgeography and traditions
Page 97 and 98: DAVID KATANcome to our notice when
Page 99 and 100: DAVID KATANand the media, becomes a
Page 101 and 102: DAVID KATANtarget reader. As Dillon
Page 103 and 104: DAVID KATANbetween competing (and u
Page 105: DAVID KATANTABLE 5.2 ContinuedStrat
Page 109 and 110: THEO HERMANSconcerned with training
Page 111 and 112: THEO HERMANSGideon Toury (1995), wh
Page 113 and 114: THEO HERMANSHölderlin’s German t
Page 115 and 116: THEO HERMANSthe ‘thick descriptio
Page 117 and 118: THEO HERMANSadded a self-reflexive
Page 119 and 120: THEO HERMANSTrivedi 2006). Covering
Page 121 and 122: 7TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONTONY HAR
Page 123 and 124: TONY HARTLEY7.1 INFRASTRUCTURE TECH
Page 125 and 126: TONY HARTLEYtranslation technology
Page 127 and 128: TONY HARTLEYthe contradictions of t
Page 129 and 130: TONY HARTLEYBilingual term extracti
Page 131 and 132: TONY HARTLEYAnglo-centricity is uns
Page 133 and 134: TONY HARTLEYmany systems automatica
Page 135 and 136: TONY HARTLEY7.4.2 SOFTWARE LOCALIZA
Page 137 and 138: TONY HARTLEYsector many larger comp
Page 139 and 140: TONY HARTLEYsubject specialisms. Mo
Page 141 and 142: TONY HARTLEY(the percentage of answ
Page 143 and 144: 8ISSUES IN INTERPRETING STUDIESFRAN
Page 145 and 146: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERat the University
Page 147 and 148: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERseen in a view of
Page 149 and 150: FRANZ PÖCHHACKER8.2.2 TEXT AND DIS
Page 151 and 152: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERproduct and perfor
Page 153 and 154: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERTo the extent that
Page 155 and 156: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERThis is true also
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DELIA CHIAROscreen. Another, less c
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DELIA CHIAROpreferred in countries
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DELIA CHIAROdialogues wherever he o
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DELIA CHIAROof stamping out a singu
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DELIA CHIAROestablished length/timi
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DELIA CHIAROpivot language. Fansubs
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DELIA CHIAROAbove all, however, the
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DELIA CHIAROto extreme limits, espe
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DELIA CHIARO9.4.1.2 CHUNKING SIDEWA
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DELIA CHIAROwhich concerns the wide
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DELIA CHIARObottom and right to lef
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DELIA CHIAROhearing and audiodescri
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KEY CONCEPTSTerms in lower-case bol
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KEY CONCEPTSbe severely distorted i
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KEY CONCEPTSof meaning’ (Chaume 2
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KEY CONCEPTSCOHESIONPart of the tex
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KEY CONCEPTSincludes such domains a
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KEY CONCEPTSthe real world and the
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KEY CONCEPTSThe investigation of co
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KEY CONCEPTSDENOTATION (DENOTATIVE
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KEY CONCEPTSand the professionaliza
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KEY CONCEPTSmay lead to the invisib
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KEY CONCEPTSOver the decades, a var
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KEY CONCEPTSEXPRESSIVE TEXT-TYPE, S
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KEY CONCEPTS‘appropriation’ of
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KEY CONCEPTSFURTHER READING: Barkhu
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KEY CONCEPTSHABITUSA term, taken fr
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KEY CONCEPTSFor example, jokes are
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KEY CONCEPTSphilosopher Paul Grice
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KEY CONCEPTSInterlingual translatio
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KEY CONCEPTSINVISIBILITYA term used
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KEY CONCEPTSHalliday’s argument t
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KEY CONCEPTS2. Logos is also the na
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KEY CONCEPTSFor other audiovisual s
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KEY CONCEPTSDeclaration since it wa
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KEY CONCEPTSspecific procedures at
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KEY CONCEPTSPARALLEL TEXT1. A text
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KEY CONCEPTSprimary when a young sy
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KEY CONCEPTSThough the latter term
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KEY CONCEPTSRELAY INTERPRETINGRelay
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RIDKEY CONCEPTSThe Registry of Inte
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KEY CONCEPTSwill continue, but that
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KEY CONCEPTSSigned languages being
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KEY CONCEPTSSOURCE TEXT (ST)The ‘
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KEY CONCEPTS(1969/1974: 12), for in
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KEY CONCEPTSTEXT TYPESThe seminal w
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KEY CONCEPTS(e.g. Baker 1993). The
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KEY CONCEPTSa role in the unfolding
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KEY CONCEPTSTT, SEE TARGET TEXTUNDE
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KEY CONCEPTSZERO TRANSLATIONA type
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAngelelli, Claudia V. (
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBastin, G. (1998) ‘Ad
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBrisset, A. (2003) ‘A
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BIBLIOGRAPHYChesterman, A. (1993)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYCronin, M. (1996) Trans
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BIBLIOGRAPHYDuranti, A. (1997) Cult
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BIBLIOGRAPHYGellerstam, M. (1986)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYGutt, E.-A. (1991/2000)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYHermans, T. (1994) ‘T
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BIBLIOGRAPHYIser, W. (1978) The Act
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BIBLIOGRAPHYKilgarriff, A. (1993)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYLambert, J. (2006) Func
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BIBLIOGRAPHYLyons, J. (1977/1993) S
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BIBLIOGRAPHYNabokov, V. (1955/2004)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYOrozco, M. and A. Hurta
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BIBLIOGRAPHYPoyatos, F. (2002) Nonv
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BIBLIOGRAPHYRobinson, D. (1998a)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYSchleiermacher, F. (199
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BIBLIOGRAPHYSpivak, G. (1993/2004)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYTranslation studies on
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BIBLIOGRAPHYWebster, J. (1922) Dadd
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INDEXNumbers in bold indicate entry
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INDEXJerome 1-4, 21, 190kernel 202,
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