UTF-8__0415396417Translation

RIDKEY CONCEPTSThe Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, founded in the mid-1960s to helpmeet the demand for signed-language interpreting in vocational rehabilitationmandated by US legislation, is the world’s largest professional associationof interpreters. It has thousands of members, many of whom hold certificationaccording to the organization’s own national evaluation system developedsince the early 1970s, recently in cooperation with the National Association ofthe Deaf. The RID Code of Ethics has proved a source of inspiration for similardocuments on community-based interpreting in spoken languages. Its revisedversion, the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, effective since 2005,is comprised of seven tenets, including confidentiality, professional skills,respect and continuing education. (FP)FURTHER READING: http://www.rid.orgROLE (OF THE INTERPRETER)The notion of role, defined by sociologists as a set of more or less normativebehavioural expectations associated with a social position, denotes a fundamentalchallenge for interpreters, given their intermediate position betweentwo parties or groups representing different cultural backgrounds, socialstatus, power and value systems. Where such unequal clients have conflictinggoals and expectations, particularly in face-to-face interaction, the traditionalprinciple of the interpreter’s neutrality, if not ‘invisibility’, becomesan ultimately impossible challenge. The appropriate degree of interpreters’visibility or ‘agency’ – as clarifiers, discourse managers, culture brokers or evenadvocates – is thus a perennial subject of debate, both within the professionand in relation to its clients, especially in legal and court interpreting. (FP)FURTHER READING: Anderson (1976/2002); Roy (2000).SCIENCE OF TRANSLATIONA term which refers to the development of translation studies from the1960s (e.g. by Nida 1964) in the form of linguistic-oriented theories oftranslation. Various translation concepts play an important role in the scienceof translation, e.g. equivalence, equivalent effect, types of translation shift,discourse, ST and TT cultural aspects, and so on. The science of translationis still pursued in Germany, except for a change in viewpoint regardingequivalence. Linguistic theories of translation are seen as useful tools in translationteaching since the linguistic level comes into play at some point duringthe translation process. (BB)FURTHER READING: Bassnett (1980/2002); Fawcett (1997); Munday (2001/2008), Nida (1964, 1969); Wilss (1982); Zaixi (1997).222