UTF-8__0415396417Translation

KEY CONCEPTSThough the latter term was coined in Britain in the 1980s and is still in use,albeit with a more activist connotation, PSI has become institutionalizedin the UK thanks to the Diploma in Public Service Interpreting (offeredwith specializations in healthcare, legal and local government services)and the National Register for Public Service Interpreters (NRPSI), a subsidiarynon-profit-making company owned by the Chartered Institute ofLinguists. (FP)PURE LANGUAGE, SEE LOGOSPURPOSEGenerally used to refer to the purpose of a text, that is, how and for whatpurpose it will be used (e.g. for information, for publication). Skopos theorysees the intended purpose of the TT as taking priority and determining thetranslation strategy (Vermeer 1989/2004). See also Skopos theory. (JM)RECEIVERThe audience to whom a translation is addressed. The term tends to be usedin the context of texts being seen as communicative events. The receiverof a translation, together with its sender/producer, form the key notions inthe analysis of texts within this framework. In the communicative model ofthe translation process, promoted by Nida (1964, 2004) and Nida and Taber(1969/1974), the role of the receiver (they use the term ‘receptor’) becomesthe focal point while the sender steps into the background but is still takeninto account. However, there are also theories that pay little attention tothe relationship the TT has with the ST (e.g. Holz-Mänttäri 1984). Pym(1992) distinguishes three types of receiver: (a) excluded (a receiver whocan only partially respond to the TT), (b) participative (a receiver who is ableto respond to the TT), and (c) observational (a receiver who cannot respondto the TT). (BB)FURTHER READING: Hatim (2001); Holz-Mäntärri (1984); Nida (1964, 2004);Nida and Taber (1969/1974); Pym (1992); Reiss (2004).RECEPTION1. The manner in which a translation comes over to the TT readership.An important means of gauging how a translation has been received isby way of reviews (of translated books, short stories, essays, articles, plays,advertisements, and so on). Some of the criteria involved in judging thereception of a TT have been adopted from reception theory (e.g. Brown1994) and concern the ways in which a translation complies with what areadership would normally expect, or gives them something to think about,218