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ISSUES IN AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION(data continually updated by the European Audiovisual Observatory, accessible athttp://www.obs.coe.int).12 http://www.obs.coe.int/13 The translator has chunked sideways despite the fact that just as easy an optionwas to chunk downwards by translating with pastina alfabeto, alphabet-shaped pastaeaten by toddlers, especially since the dish is not visible on screen. It is unlikely thatItalian viewers will be familiar with the tinned product and will therefore probablymiss the joke (Chiaro forthcoming b).14 ‘Homer becomes Omar for Arab makeover of Simpsons’; http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/homer-becomes-omar-for-arab-makeover-of-simpsons-511733.html (accessed February 2008).165
KEY CONCEPTSTerms in lower-case bold type cross-refer to separate entries, Initials denoteauthors (see list of contributors).ABUSIVE TRANSLATIONThis term was introduced by Lewis (1985/2004), following Derrida, to denotea new departure in literary translation. The term ‘abusive’ refers to the factthat all translations require some form of interpretation, as the ST meaningis transferred, with compensation, to a new discursive context. For Lewis,abusive translation is a ‘strong, forceful translation that values experimentation,tampers with usage, seeks to match the polyvalencies or plurivocitiesor expressive stresses of the original by producing its own’ (ibid.: 262). Theenergy of this form of translation seeks to reproduce and extend the ‘abuse’into the TT and resist the dominant cultural values in the TL. (VL)FURTHER READING: Lewis (1985); Venuti (2003).ACCEPTABLE TRANSLATION, SEE NORMSACCESSIBILITY, SEE INCLUSIONADAPTATION1. In general terms, adaptation denotes a TT that draws on an ST but whichhas extensively modified it for a new cultural context. This occurs, forexample, with the adaptations of classical plays, such as Eugene O’Neill’sMourning Becomes Electra or Wole Soyinka’s The Bacchae after Euripedes(Walton 2006), which develop the plot of the Greek plays but do not purportto be translations of the original dialogue. Irrespective of whether adaptationis considered a form of translation, it demands different criteria forthe assessment of its equivalence with the source.2. The seventh of Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation procedures. A typeof oblique translation, it aims at ‘situational equivalence’. Vinay andDarbelnet’s example (1958: 39) is of the English cricket being equivalentto the French Tour de France since they purportedly perform similarfunctions in the different cultures. This kind of cultural substitution is open166
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THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANIONTO TRANSLATI
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THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANIONTO TRANSLATI
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CONTENTSList of figures and tablesL
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FIGURES AND TABLESFIGURES1.1 Transl
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CONTRIBUTORSdata-driven work on the
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CONTRIBUTORSJeremy Munday is Senior
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ABBREVIATIONSSLSTTLTTSource languag
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JEREMY MUNDAYNoteworthy is Cicero
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JEREMY MUNDAYauthors are women, whi
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JEREMY MUNDAY‘Intralingual’ tra
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JEREMY MUNDAYMore derivativeMore pr
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JEREMY MUNDAYtheory accommodating s
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JEREMY MUNDAYbetween the translator
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JEREMY MUNDAYideological promptings
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JEREMY MUNDAYcontrolled language. T
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JEREMY MUNDAYTechnology, not just r
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2THE LINGUISTIC AND COMMUNICATIVEST
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PETER NEWMARKsense-for-sense not wo
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PETER NEWMARKtranslating, which may
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PETER NEWMARKThe linguistic philoso
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PETER NEWMARKonly depend on the par
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PETER NEWMARKIn Approaches to Trans
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PETER NEWMARKTABLE 2.1 Summary of V
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PETER NEWMARKpolitical migrations -
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3TRANSLATING TEXT IN CONTEXTBASIL H
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BASIL HATIM3.2.1 REGISTER MEMBERSHI
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BASIL HATIMcounter to orthodox equi
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BASIL HATIMis informed by a theory
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BASIL HATIMkind of involved ‘argu
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BASIL HATIMfor example, to tell whe
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BASIL HATIM(b) the contrast between
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BASIL HATIMREGISTER (home to >CONTE
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BASIL HATIMthe reasons for the stat
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4TRANSLATION AS A COGNITIVE ACTIVIT
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AMPARO HURTADO ALBIR AND FABIO ALVE
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5TRANSLATION AS INTERCULTURALCOMMUN
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DAVID KATANdifferences’ to be app
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DAVID KATANin much the same way as
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DAVID KATANgeography and traditions
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DAVID KATANcome to our notice when
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DAVID KATANand the media, becomes a
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DAVID KATANtarget reader. As Dillon
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DAVID KATANbetween competing (and u
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DAVID KATANTABLE 5.2 ContinuedStrat
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DAVID KATAN2 In my personal possess
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THEO HERMANSconcerned with training
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THEO HERMANSGideon Toury (1995), wh
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THEO HERMANSHölderlin’s German t
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THEO HERMANSthe ‘thick descriptio
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THEO HERMANSadded a self-reflexive
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THEO HERMANSTrivedi 2006). Covering
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7TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONTONY HAR
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TONY HARTLEY7.1 INFRASTRUCTURE TECH
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TONY HARTLEYtranslation technology
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TONY HARTLEYthe contradictions of t
Page 129 and 130: TONY HARTLEYBilingual term extracti
Page 131 and 132: TONY HARTLEYAnglo-centricity is uns
Page 133 and 134: TONY HARTLEYmany systems automatica
Page 135 and 136: TONY HARTLEY7.4.2 SOFTWARE LOCALIZA
Page 137 and 138: TONY HARTLEYsector many larger comp
Page 139 and 140: TONY HARTLEYsubject specialisms. Mo
Page 141 and 142: TONY HARTLEY(the percentage of answ
Page 143 and 144: 8ISSUES IN INTERPRETING STUDIESFRAN
Page 145 and 146: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERat the University
Page 147 and 148: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERseen in a view of
Page 149 and 150: FRANZ PÖCHHACKER8.2.2 TEXT AND DIS
Page 151 and 152: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERproduct and perfor
Page 153 and 154: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERTo the extent that
Page 155 and 156: FRANZ PÖCHHACKERThis is true also
Page 157 and 158: DELIA CHIAROscreen. Another, less c
Page 159 and 160: DELIA CHIAROpreferred in countries
Page 161 and 162: DELIA CHIAROdialogues wherever he o
Page 163 and 164: DELIA CHIAROof stamping out a singu
Page 165 and 166: DELIA CHIAROestablished length/timi
Page 167 and 168: DELIA CHIAROpivot language. Fansubs
Page 169 and 170: DELIA CHIAROAbove all, however, the
Page 171 and 172: DELIA CHIAROto extreme limits, espe
Page 173 and 174: DELIA CHIARO9.4.1.2 CHUNKING SIDEWA
Page 175 and 176: DELIA CHIAROwhich concerns the wide
Page 177 and 178: DELIA CHIARObottom and right to lef
Page 179: DELIA CHIAROhearing and audiodescri
Page 183 and 184: KEY CONCEPTSbe severely distorted i
Page 185 and 186: KEY CONCEPTSof meaning’ (Chaume 2
Page 187 and 188: KEY CONCEPTSCOHESIONPart of the tex
Page 189 and 190: KEY CONCEPTSincludes such domains a
Page 191 and 192: KEY CONCEPTSthe real world and the
Page 193 and 194: KEY CONCEPTSThe investigation of co
Page 195 and 196: KEY CONCEPTSDENOTATION (DENOTATIVE
Page 197 and 198: KEY CONCEPTSand the professionaliza
Page 199 and 200: KEY CONCEPTSmay lead to the invisib
Page 201 and 202: KEY CONCEPTSOver the decades, a var
Page 203 and 204: KEY CONCEPTSEXPRESSIVE TEXT-TYPE, S
Page 205 and 206: KEY CONCEPTS‘appropriation’ of
Page 207 and 208: KEY CONCEPTSFURTHER READING: Barkhu
Page 209 and 210: KEY CONCEPTSHABITUSA term, taken fr
Page 211 and 212: KEY CONCEPTSFor example, jokes are
Page 213 and 214: KEY CONCEPTSphilosopher Paul Grice
Page 215 and 216: KEY CONCEPTSInterlingual translatio
Page 217 and 218: KEY CONCEPTSINVISIBILITYA term used
Page 219 and 220: KEY CONCEPTSHalliday’s argument t
Page 221 and 222: KEY CONCEPTS2. Logos is also the na
Page 223 and 224: KEY CONCEPTSFor other audiovisual s
Page 225 and 226: KEY CONCEPTSDeclaration since it wa
Page 227 and 228: KEY CONCEPTSspecific procedures at
Page 229 and 230: KEY CONCEPTSPARALLEL TEXT1. A text
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KEY CONCEPTSprimary when a young sy
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KEY CONCEPTSThough the latter term
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KEY CONCEPTSRELAY INTERPRETINGRelay
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RIDKEY CONCEPTSThe Registry of Inte
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KEY CONCEPTSwill continue, but that
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KEY CONCEPTSSigned languages being
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KEY CONCEPTSSOURCE TEXT (ST)The ‘
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KEY CONCEPTS(1969/1974: 12), for in
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KEY CONCEPTSTEXT TYPESThe seminal w
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KEY CONCEPTS(e.g. Baker 1993). The
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KEY CONCEPTSa role in the unfolding
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KEY CONCEPTSTT, SEE TARGET TEXTUNDE
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KEY CONCEPTSZERO TRANSLATIONA type
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAngelelli, Claudia V. (
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBastin, G. (1998) ‘Ad
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BIBLIOGRAPHYBrisset, A. (2003) ‘A
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BIBLIOGRAPHYChesterman, A. (1993)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYCronin, M. (1996) Trans
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BIBLIOGRAPHYDuranti, A. (1997) Cult
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BIBLIOGRAPHYGellerstam, M. (1986)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYGutt, E.-A. (1991/2000)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYHermans, T. (1994) ‘T
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BIBLIOGRAPHYIser, W. (1978) The Act
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BIBLIOGRAPHYKilgarriff, A. (1993)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYLambert, J. (2006) Func
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BIBLIOGRAPHYLyons, J. (1977/1993) S
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BIBLIOGRAPHYNabokov, V. (1955/2004)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYOrozco, M. and A. Hurta
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BIBLIOGRAPHYPoyatos, F. (2002) Nonv
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BIBLIOGRAPHYRobinson, D. (1998a)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYSchleiermacher, F. (199
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BIBLIOGRAPHYSpivak, G. (1993/2004)
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BIBLIOGRAPHYTranslation studies on
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BIBLIOGRAPHYWebster, J. (1922) Dadd
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INDEXNumbers in bold indicate entry
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INDEXJerome 1-4, 21, 190kernel 202,
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