to be older, more likely <strong>of</strong> Bull Lake age; probably about 10 to 30 feet (3-10 m)thick.Qgtou Older glacial till and outwash, undivided (upper to middle? Pleistocene) –Similar to older glacial till <strong>of</strong> uncertain pre-Pinedale age, but forms broad, open,boulder-strewn and sage-brush-covered, eastward-sloping surfaces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CastleCreek and Mammoth Creek areas; exposures just north <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> junction <strong>of</strong> CrystalCreek and Mammoth Creek suggest that most <strong>of</strong> this surface is underlain by tillnow deeply incised at its eastern end; glacial outwash deposits, especially thosegraded to <strong>the</strong> Pinedale terminal moraines, are presumed to be present locally onthis till plain, but are not readily differentiated at this map scale; Mulvey ando<strong>the</strong>rs (1984) and Currey and o<strong>the</strong>rs (1986) briefly reported on possible ice wedgepolygons as evidence for periglacial features on <strong>the</strong> southwest side <strong>of</strong> CastleValley; glacial till is as much as 60 feet (18 m) thick where exposed near <strong>the</strong>confluence <strong>of</strong> Castle and Mammoth Creeks.Lacustrine and playa depositsQlg Coarse-grained lacustrine sediment (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) – Sandand gravel deposited at <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong> Navajo Lake, which formed behind a lavadam created by <strong>the</strong> Henrie Knolls lava flows; probably 10 to 15 feet (3-5 m) thick.QlpLittle Salt Lake playa deposits (Holocene) – Calcareous, saline, and gypsiferousgray clay, silt, and fine-grained sand deposited on <strong>the</strong> flat playa floor <strong>of</strong> Little SaltLake in <strong>the</strong> southwest part <strong>of</strong> Parowan Valley; locally includes small dunes <strong>of</strong>eolian silt; playa formed in response to relative uplift <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Red Hills structuralblock (Threet, 1952; Maldonado and Williams, 1993a, b); <strong>the</strong> playa reflectsponded drainage and represents <strong>the</strong> latest stage in <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> antecedentdrainage through Parowan Gap; description modified from Maldonado andWilliams (1993b); we infer that a playa has occupied this area intermittentlythroughout <strong>the</strong> Pleistocene, but near-surface deposits are doubtless Holocene inage; at least 25 feet (8 m) thick.Qlm Little Salt Lake playa-margin deposits (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) –Calcareous, saline, and gypsiferous gray clay, silt, sand, and local volcanic andquartzite pebbles, deposited on gentle slopes around <strong>the</strong> margin <strong>of</strong> Little Salt Lakeplaya; periodically flooded during high lake levels; includes small alluvial fans,eolian sand and silt, and alluvium; less than 12 feet (4 m) thick.Mass-movement depositsQms, Qmsh, Qms?, Qms(Kd), Qms(Ti), Qms(Tql)Landslides (Historical? and upper? Pleistocene) − Very poorly sorted, locallyderived material deposited by rotational and translational movement; composed <strong>of</strong>clay- to boulder-size debris as well as large, partly intact, bedrock blocks;characterized by hummocky topography, numerous internal scarps, chaoticbedding attitudes, and common small ponds, marshy depressions, and meadows;<strong>the</strong> largest landslide complexes involve tuffaceous strata <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Brian Head7
(Tbhv) and Dakota (Kd and Ktd) Formations, and to a lesser extent <strong>the</strong> LimerockCanyon Formation (Tl), and are several square miles in size; undivided as toinferred age because new research shows that even landslides having subduedmorphology (suggesting that <strong>the</strong>y are older, wea<strong>the</strong>red, and have not experiencedrecent large-scale movement) may continue to exhibit slow creep or are capable<strong>of</strong> renewed movement if stability thresholds are exceeded (Ashland, 2003); Lundand o<strong>the</strong>rs (2009) reported on a rock fall associated with <strong>the</strong> large landslide inCedar Canyon where State Highway 14 crosses <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> DakotaFormation; Qmsh denotes landslides known to be active in historical time, but anylandslide deposit may have been historically active even if not so identified; largerotational slump blocks <strong>of</strong> Isom Formation (Qms[Ti]) and Leach CanyonFormation (Qms[Tql]) are mapped in <strong>the</strong> Yankee Meadows graben and in <strong>the</strong>lower part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lowder Creek basin, and slump blocks <strong>of</strong> Dakota Formation(Qms[Kd]) are mapped in Cedar Canyon; query indicates areas <strong>of</strong> unusualmorphology that may be due to landsliding; thickness highly variable, buttypically several tens <strong>of</strong> feet or more thick and <strong>the</strong> largest landslides, for exampleat Yankee Meadows graben, may be as much as 600 feet (200 m) thick(Maldonado and o<strong>the</strong>rs, 1997).Dense forests and widespread colluvium may conceal unmappedlandslides, and more detailed imaging techniques such as LiDAR may show thatmany slopes, particularly those developed on <strong>the</strong> Brian Head (Tbhv), Bear Valley(Tbv), and Limekiln Knoll (Tl) Formations and on Upper Cretaceous strata hostsurficial deposits that reveal evidence <strong>of</strong> creep or shallow landsliding.Understanding <strong>the</strong> location, age, and stability <strong>of</strong> landslides, and <strong>of</strong> slopes that mayhost as-yet unrecognized landslides, requires detailed geotechnical investigations.QmtTalus (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) − Poorly sorted, angular cobbles andboulders and finer-grained interstitial sediment deposited principally by rock fallon or at <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> steep slopes; talus that is part <strong>of</strong> large landslide complexes isnot mapped separately; talus is common at <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> steep slopes across <strong>the</strong> maparea, but is only mapped where it conceals contacts or forms broad aprons belowcliffs <strong>of</strong> resistant bedrock units; typically less than 30 feet (9 m) thick.Mixed-environment depositsQac Alluvium and colluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) − Poorly tomoderately sorted, generally poorly stratified, clay- to boulder-size, locallyderived sediment deposited in swales and small drainages by fluvial, slope-wash,and creep processes; generally less than 20 feet (6 m) thick.Qaco Older alluvium and colluvium (upper Pleistocene?) − Similar to mixed alluviumand colluvium (Qac), but forms incised, isolated remnants, typically in <strong>the</strong> upperreaches <strong>of</strong> streams that drain <strong>the</strong> map area; probably about 20 to 30 feet (6-9 m)thick.QacfColluvium and fan alluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene?) − Poorly tomoderately sorted, non-stratified, clay- to boulder-size sediment deposited8
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- Page 3 and 4: MAP UNIT DESCRIPTIONSQUATERNARYAllu
- Page 5 and 6: Qafc Coalesced fan alluvium of Paro
- Page 7: glacial deposits and features that
- Page 11 and 12: typically mapped where lava flows d
- Page 13 and 14: that range in age from Miocene to H
- Page 15 and 16: fronts (except at Dry Valley, immed
- Page 17 and 18: the quadrangle; no fault that postd
- Page 19 and 20: Qbw, QbwcWater Canyon lava flow and
- Page 21 and 22: others, 2007); lava flow is typical
- Page 23 and 24: Mahogany Hill, about 500 feet (150
- Page 25 and 26: lava flow (Tbbm) that conceal the u
- Page 27 and 28: TERTIARYpreserved in down-dropped b
- Page 29 and 30: and Rowley and others (in preparati
- Page 31 and 32: field (or possibly coeval batholith
- Page 33 and 34: hidden by shadow; we tentatively as
- Page 35 and 36: esistant crystal-poor rhyolite tuff
- Page 37 and 38: thickness uncertain but outcrop pat
- Page 39 and 40: divide between Red Creek and Little
- Page 41 and 42: pyroxene (5%), and sanidine (trace)
- Page 43 and 44: unconformityThe Leach Canyon Format
- Page 45 and 46: unconformityMa (Best and others, 19
- Page 47 and 48: interval, and a lower limestone int
- Page 49 and 50: Figure 3. View northwest to North V
- Page 51 and 52: dark-yellowish-orange, grayish-pink
- Page 53 and 54: TKgc Grand Castle Formation, undivi
- Page 55 and 56: track (the latter found by Eric Rob
- Page 57 and 58: noted by Moore and Straub (2001) an
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shoreface, beach, lagoonal, and est
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water deposits of Cenomanian age (N
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62Figure 7. Cedar Mountain Formatio
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leached white under the Cretaceous
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis geologic map is
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Anderson, R.E., and Christenson, G.
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Biek, R.F., Rowley, P.D., Hayden, J
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field guide (The Mackin Volume): Ut
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2001, Cretaceous and early Tertiary
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Hacker, D.B., Rowley, P.D., Blank,
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Kurlich, R.A., III, 1990, Geology o
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Maldonado, F., and Moore, R.C., 199
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Flagstaff-Green River basins [abs.]
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elation to other igneous centers in
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Schulman, E., 1956, Dendroclimatic
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Van Kooten, G.K., 1988, Structure a
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113°00'112°00'15BV20R i v e rCCNP