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Protected Area Network in Orissa - Vasundhara

Protected Area Network in Orissa - Vasundhara

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6. Research and Monitor<strong>in</strong>g Programmes: A research and monitor<strong>in</strong>gprogramme is an essential component of PA management. Trend <strong>in</strong> plantsuccession, migratory patterns of birds and ungulates, and stream flow are few<strong>in</strong>dicators of positive or negative responses wildlife to management practices.7. Biological-resource management programmes: A biological resourcemanagement plan can clarify possible needs for <strong>in</strong>terventions (firemanagement, restoration, captive breed<strong>in</strong>g, eradication of exotic species, etc.)and their geological placements, seasonal tim<strong>in</strong>gs, etc. the plan should also<strong>in</strong>cludes prescription for protection of genetic resources, for foster<strong>in</strong>g andma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g path dynamics, and for other detailed measures. An array ofmethods is available for conserv<strong>in</strong>g biodiversity at genetic, species andecosystem level. The f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs of research and monitor<strong>in</strong>g can be applied <strong>in</strong> thecontext of PAs as per the requirement.8. Educational programmes: PAs are excellent places for educat<strong>in</strong>g people aboutnature and the relationship between nature and people. Various countries viewPAs as a appropriate place for environmental education and <strong>in</strong>tellectualdevelopment.9. Use management programmes: All IUCN management categories feature oneor more types of human use rang<strong>in</strong>g from direct uses (Tourism, recreation,extraction of NTFPs, etc.) to <strong>in</strong>direct uses (environmental services such aswatershed protection, soil conservation, geo-chemical cycles, etc.). The degreeto which biodiversity is conserved at genetic, species and ecosystem levels willdepend on how these use regimes are managed.10. Bioregional management programme: PAs be a component of largerlandscape or seascape. For biological, social, cultural and economical reasonsPAs should not be considered as islands of conservation with conflicts aris<strong>in</strong>gperta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to resource governance. PA management where overall objective isbiodiversity conservation will succeed only if co-operative arrangementspeople made between public agencies, local people and <strong>in</strong>dustries. Theseagreements must ensure that the management of biological resources andecosystems <strong>in</strong> adjacent areas are consistent with the management objectives ofPAs.18

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