Rene Descartes 1596-1650 Rene Descartes 1596-1650

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Meditation 4: The Possession of Free WillAs we acquire more knowledge, we become more and moreindependent on our bodies, on sensation, for knowledge, and webecome increasingly self-determining through the knowledge wegain about the world. To be free is to have power, to be active(which is to be thinking or reasoning), to be independent ofexternal causes acting upon us.Still we are connected to the material world through our bodiesand sensation helps us to navigate in the world by telling us whatis happening in our bodies and what relation they are in to othermaterial objects.But sensation is not essential to existence as a mind.122
<strong>Descartes</strong>' Knowledge-set at end of Meditation Four:Beliefs which can bedoubtedBelieve only that whichcan’t be doubtedWhat is falseA good God existsAll propositions of …Sensory ExperienceI have a bodyI have a vapory soulPhysicsAstronomyMedicineArithmeticGeometryI think, therefore I exist.I think, i.e., I doubt, will, imagine,perceive, etc.Intellect priority the true nature ofbodies, if they exist is perceived by theintellect, not the senses.Mind priority: (knowledge of the mind ismore easily acquired than knowledge ofthe bodies).God exists.God is not a deceiver.Clearly & distinctly perceivedpropositions are true, etc.Restrain the will!Various metaphysical principles!A malevolentdemon exists anddeceives me.My knowledgepotential is limited.God is a mere idea.123
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ReneDescartes1596-1650Caravaggio,
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Rene Descartes(1596-1650):When our
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I. Background:Educated at a Jesuit
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I. Background:1644 Descartes publis
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I. I. The Search for Intellectual C
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II. Descartes’ Goal:Lay the found
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Method: The Need for the Meditation
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Descartes’ Method:Knowledge Requi
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II. Descartes’ Plan:His ideal was
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C. Induction & Deduction:Descartes
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D. Rules of Method:Descartes’ met
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II.Descartes’ Method:Looking for
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Little emphasis on on sense experie
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First Meditation: Arguments forDoub
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Grounds of Doubt: First Meditation:
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III. Method:Method: It is a radical
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Consider the following statements b
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First Meditation:Withholding Policy
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V. The Order of Systematic Attack:C
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Objectors (2, 3, and 4 are the most
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1. Doubting Sense Perception:Someti
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2. Dreaming:Another ground of doubt
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2. Dreaming:No inspection of the co
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4. The Evil Deceiver:Can we be sure
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4. Evil Demon:Because of the evilde
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Consider the following statements b
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Meditation 2 Outline: Cogito: The N
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Descartes’ Reasoning:Descartes th
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What Descartes Establishes:Descarte
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Meditation 2: Cogito:The Cogito:
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Meditation 2: Problems with CogitoP
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2 ndndnd nd Meditation : : He disca
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The Wax Passage:Transparency of the
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Wax Wax Example Establishes Three P
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Consider this important statement:
Page 71 and 72: Descartes' Belief -Set:Believe only
Page 73 and 74: Third Meditation: Descartes writes
Page 75 and 76: Meditation 3: 3: SUMMARY OF INTRODU
Page 77 and 78: Criterion of Certainty:At the begin
Page 79 and 80: Third Meditation: What does “clea
Page 81 and 82: Third Meditation: What does “Natu
Page 83 and 84: Third Meditation: 3 Types of Ideas
Page 85 and 86: Objective & Formal Reality:Meditati
Page 87 and 88: Objective and Formal Reality:Object
Page 89 and 90: Formal and Objective Reality:Everyt
Page 91 and 92: More RealityThe reason why are infi
Page 93 and 94: Scholastic GreatChain of Being:1. V
Page 95 and 96: 2 nd Causal Argument for God’s ex
Page 97 and 98: The Cartesian Circle:I am sure Gode
Page 99 and 100: Descartes Response to Arnauld regar
Page 101 and 102: Cartesian Circle:According to Dr. S
Page 103 and 104: Third Meditation: Only Ideas Called
Page 105 and 106: First & Second Meditation:Withholdi
Page 107 and 108: Descartes: Mind-Body Problem:Descar
Page 109 and 110: The Mind is is a Substance: A subst
Page 111 and 112: Descartes' Knowledge-set at end of
Page 113 and 114: Fourth Meditation: God is not a Dec
Page 115 and 116: Fourth Meditation: God is not a Dec
Page 117 and 118: God guarantees the truth of of all
Page 119 and 120: This takes us back to Cartesian Cir
Page 121: Meditation 4: The Possession of Fre
Page 125 and 126: A. Considers what properties we can
Page 127 and 128: C. 3 Objections to Ontological Argu
Page 129 and 130: D. The Role of God in making Knowle
Page 131 and 132: Descartes' Knowledge-set in Meditat
Page 133 and 134: Meditation 6: The Problem ofExisten
Page 135 and 136: AB. The Evidence for the existence
Page 137 and 138: B. The Evidence for the existence o
Page 139 and 140: Mind is really distinct from body:I
Page 141 and 142: First Argument for Distinction ofMi
Page 143 and 144: First Argument for Mind-BodyDistinc
Page 145 and 146: Sense Impressions from BodilyObject
Page 147 and 148: Do our senses tell us the truth abo
Page 149 and 150: What is the relation of Mind and Bo
Page 151 and 152: Mind-Body Interaction:Changes in th
Page 153 and 154: Descartes’ Difficulty with Intera
Page 155 and 156: Historical Solutions to the Mind-Bo
Page 157 and 158: Descartes' Knowledge-set at end of
Page 159 and 160: Descartes' Belief -Set:Believe only
Page 161 and 162: Various Objections:If we can’t be
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Rene Descartes 1596-1650 Rene Descartes 1596-1650

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