Rene Descartes 1596-1650 Rene Descartes 1596-1650

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2 nd Meditation: A Closer LookDescartes is in a predicament when he begins 2 nd Meditation for he seems unable tobe certain of any of his beliefs. Thus, he has put them aside.“I, suppose, then, that all things that I see are false; I persuade myself thatnothing has ever existed of all that my fallacious memory represents to me. Iconsider that I possess no senses; I imagine that body, figure, extension,movement, and place are but the fictions of my mind. What, then, can beesteemed as true? Perhaps nothing at all, unless that there is nothing in theworld that is certain. What, then, can be esteemed as true? Perhaps nothing atall, unless that there is nothing in the world that is certain.”He can not longer believe there is a world around him; he must simply suspend ofall his beliefs.But is there not one thing he can be absolutely certain of-that is, for which there isno alternative explanation?54
Descartes’ Reasoning:Descartes thinks that there is onething of which he can be absolutelycertain, namely, that he exists.For even if there is an evil deceiver, themost powerful ground of doubtDescartes can find, the deceiver cannotbe an alternative explanation forDescartes’ belief that he exists.Descartes’ reason for believing that heexists is that he is thinking, whether thatthinking consists of being deceived bythe deceiver or not. In order to bethinking, he must exist.55
Page 1 and 2:
ReneDescartes1596-1650Caravaggio,
Page 3 and 4: Rene Descartes(1596-1650):When our
Page 5 and 6: I. Background:Educated at a Jesuit
Page 7 and 8: I. Background:1644 Descartes publis
Page 9 and 10: I. I. The Search for Intellectual C
Page 11 and 12: II. Descartes’ Goal:Lay the found
Page 13 and 14: Method: The Need for the Meditation
Page 15 and 16: Descartes’ Method:Knowledge Requi
Page 17 and 18: II. Descartes’ Plan:His ideal was
Page 19 and 20: C. Induction & Deduction:Descartes
Page 21 and 22: D. Rules of Method:Descartes’ met
Page 23 and 24: II.Descartes’ Method:Looking for
Page 25 and 26: Little emphasis on on sense experie
Page 27 and 28: First Meditation: Arguments forDoub
Page 29 and 30: Grounds of Doubt: First Meditation:
Page 31 and 32: III. Method:Method: It is a radical
Page 33 and 34: Consider the following statements b
Page 35 and 36: First Meditation:Withholding Policy
Page 37 and 38: V. The Order of Systematic Attack:C
Page 39 and 40: Objectors (2, 3, and 4 are the most
Page 41 and 42: 1. Doubting Sense Perception:Someti
Page 43 and 44: 2. Dreaming:Another ground of doubt
Page 45 and 46: 2. Dreaming:No inspection of the co
Page 47 and 48: 4. The Evil Deceiver:Can we be sure
Page 49 and 50: 4. Evil Demon:Because of the evilde
Page 51 and 52: Consider the following statements b
Page 53: Meditation 2 Outline: Cogito: The N
Page 57 and 58: What Descartes Establishes:Descarte
Page 59 and 60: Meditation 2: Cogito:The Cogito:
Page 61 and 62: Meditation 2: Problems with CogitoP
Page 63 and 64: 2 ndndnd nd Meditation : : He disca
Page 65 and 66: The Wax Passage:Transparency of the
Page 67 and 68: Wax Wax Example Establishes Three P
Page 69 and 70: Consider this important statement:
Page 71 and 72: Descartes' Belief -Set:Believe only
Page 73 and 74: Third Meditation: Descartes writes
Page 75 and 76: Meditation 3: 3: SUMMARY OF INTRODU
Page 77 and 78: Criterion of Certainty:At the begin
Page 79 and 80: Third Meditation: What does “clea
Page 81 and 82: Third Meditation: What does “Natu
Page 83 and 84: Third Meditation: 3 Types of Ideas
Page 85 and 86: Objective & Formal Reality:Meditati
Page 87 and 88: Objective and Formal Reality:Object
Page 89 and 90: Formal and Objective Reality:Everyt
Page 91 and 92: More RealityThe reason why are infi
Page 93 and 94: Scholastic GreatChain of Being:1. V
Page 95 and 96: 2 nd Causal Argument for God’s ex
Page 97 and 98: The Cartesian Circle:I am sure Gode
Page 99 and 100: Descartes Response to Arnauld regar
Page 101 and 102: Cartesian Circle:According to Dr. S
Page 103 and 104: Third Meditation: Only Ideas Called
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First & Second Meditation:Withholdi
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Descartes: Mind-Body Problem:Descar
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The Mind is is a Substance: A subst
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Descartes' Knowledge-set at end of
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Fourth Meditation: God is not a Dec
Page 115 and 116:
Fourth Meditation: God is not a Dec
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God guarantees the truth of of all
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This takes us back to Cartesian Cir
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Meditation 4: The Possession of Fre
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Page 125 and 126:
A. Considers what properties we can
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C. 3 Objections to Ontological Argu
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D. The Role of God in making Knowle
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Descartes' Knowledge-set in Meditat
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Meditation 6: The Problem ofExisten
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AB. The Evidence for the existence
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B. The Evidence for the existence o
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Mind is really distinct from body:I
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First Argument for Distinction ofMi
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First Argument for Mind-BodyDistinc
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Sense Impressions from BodilyObject
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Do our senses tell us the truth abo
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What is the relation of Mind and Bo
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Mind-Body Interaction:Changes in th
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Descartes’ Difficulty with Intera
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Historical Solutions to the Mind-Bo
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Descartes' Belief -Set:Believe only
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Various Objections:If we can’t be
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Rene Descartes 1596-1650 Rene Descartes 1596-1650

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