Rene Descartes 1596-1650 Rene Descartes 1596-1650

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B. A closer look at Ontological Argument1. The ontological argument is follows a more straightforwardly geometrical line ofreasoning.2. <strong>Descartes</strong> argues that God’s existence is deducible from the idea of his nature just as thefact that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles isdeducible from the idea of the nature of a triangle.3. Thus, the idea of a supremely perfect being or God without existence is unintelligible.This means that existence is contained in the essence of an infinite substance, andtherefore God must exist by his very nature. Indeed, any attempt to conceive of God asnot existing would be like trying to conceive of a mountain without a valley – it justcannot be done.A. The point is that this property is contained in the nature of a triangle, and so it isinseparable from that nature. Accordingly, the nature of a triangle without thisproperty is unintelligible. Similarly, it is apparent that the idea of God is that of asupremely perfect being, that is, a being with all perfections to the highest degree.B. Actual existence is a perfection, at least insofar as most would agree that it is betterto actually exist than not. Now, if the idea of God did not contain actual existence,then it would lack a perfection. Accordingly, it would no longer be the idea of asupremely perfect being but the idea of something with an imperfection, namely 126non-existence, and, therefore, it would no longer be the idea of God.
C. 3 Objections to Ontological Argument:1. In all other cases we separate existence from essence.Reply - It is impossible to conceive a perfect being as lacking aperfection, existence.2. Granted that we cannot think of God except as existing, still our thoughtdoes not make him exist.Reply - It is the necessity of God's existence that imposes the necessityon our thought, not the other way around.3. We need not assume that God has all perfections, including existence.Reply - It is impossible in conceiving a supreme being to avoidattributing all perfections to Him.127
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ReneDescartes1596-1650Caravaggio,
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Rene Descartes(1596-1650):When our
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I. Background:Educated at a Jesuit
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I. Background:1644 Descartes publis
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I. I. The Search for Intellectual C
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II. Descartes’ Goal:Lay the found
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Method: The Need for the Meditation
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Descartes’ Method:Knowledge Requi
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II. Descartes’ Plan:His ideal was
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C. Induction & Deduction:Descartes
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D. Rules of Method:Descartes’ met
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II.Descartes’ Method:Looking for
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Little emphasis on on sense experie
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First Meditation: Arguments forDoub
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Grounds of Doubt: First Meditation:
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III. Method:Method: It is a radical
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Consider the following statements b
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First Meditation:Withholding Policy
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V. The Order of Systematic Attack:C
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Objectors (2, 3, and 4 are the most
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1. Doubting Sense Perception:Someti
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2. Dreaming:Another ground of doubt
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2. Dreaming:No inspection of the co
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4. The Evil Deceiver:Can we be sure
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4. Evil Demon:Because of the evilde
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Consider the following statements b
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Meditation 2 Outline: Cogito: The N
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Descartes’ Reasoning:Descartes th
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What Descartes Establishes:Descarte
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Meditation 2: Cogito:The Cogito:
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Meditation 2: Problems with CogitoP
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2 ndndnd nd Meditation : : He disca
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The Wax Passage:Transparency of the
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Wax Wax Example Establishes Three P
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Consider this important statement:
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Descartes' Belief -Set:Believe only
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Third Meditation: Descartes writes
Page 75 and 76: Meditation 3: 3: SUMMARY OF INTRODU
Page 77 and 78: Criterion of Certainty:At the begin
Page 79 and 80: Third Meditation: What does “clea
Page 81 and 82: Third Meditation: What does “Natu
Page 83 and 84: Third Meditation: 3 Types of Ideas
Page 85 and 86: Objective & Formal Reality:Meditati
Page 87 and 88: Objective and Formal Reality:Object
Page 89 and 90: Formal and Objective Reality:Everyt
Page 91 and 92: More RealityThe reason why are infi
Page 93 and 94: Scholastic GreatChain of Being:1. V
Page 95 and 96: 2 nd Causal Argument for God’s ex
Page 97 and 98: The Cartesian Circle:I am sure Gode
Page 99 and 100: Descartes Response to Arnauld regar
Page 101 and 102: Cartesian Circle:According to Dr. S
Page 103 and 104: Third Meditation: Only Ideas Called
Page 105 and 106: First & Second Meditation:Withholdi
Page 107 and 108: Descartes: Mind-Body Problem:Descar
Page 109 and 110: The Mind is is a Substance: A subst
Page 111 and 112: Descartes' Knowledge-set at end of
Page 113 and 114: Fourth Meditation: God is not a Dec
Page 115 and 116: Fourth Meditation: God is not a Dec
Page 117 and 118: God guarantees the truth of of all
Page 119 and 120: This takes us back to Cartesian Cir
Page 121 and 122: Meditation 4: The Possession of Fre
Page 125: A. Considers what properties we can
Page 129 and 130: D. The Role of God in making Knowle
Page 131 and 132: Descartes' Knowledge-set in Meditat
Page 133 and 134: Meditation 6: The Problem ofExisten
Page 135 and 136: AB. The Evidence for the existence
Page 137 and 138: B. The Evidence for the existence o
Page 139 and 140: Mind is really distinct from body:I
Page 141 and 142: First Argument for Distinction ofMi
Page 143 and 144: First Argument for Mind-BodyDistinc
Page 145 and 146: Sense Impressions from BodilyObject
Page 147 and 148: Do our senses tell us the truth abo
Page 149 and 150: What is the relation of Mind and Bo
Page 151 and 152: Mind-Body Interaction:Changes in th
Page 153 and 154: Descartes’ Difficulty with Intera
Page 155 and 156: Historical Solutions to the Mind-Bo
Page 159 and 160: Descartes' Belief -Set:Believe only
Page 161 and 162: Various Objections:If we can’t be
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Rene Descartes 1596-1650 Rene Descartes 1596-1650

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