Boreskov

PP‐13value in comparison with its mean value for vertebrates (Figure 1). The absolute maximumof R value is typical for nematodes. It was shown that the divergence of Insecta and Dipteraaccompanied by increasing of R (Figure 1) may be due to the emergence of insectsangiospermsecosystems and to the formation of the characteristic Diptera morphology. Thisstudy we also conducted the functional comparison of OPGs containing atypical amino acidreplacements that allowed us to uncover various features of gene networks molecularevolution on each internal branches of vertebrate and invertebrate trees (Figure 1).ACnidariaBTun icataTunicataCnidariaAmphibiaLophotrochozoaPrototheriaMetatheriaArachnida24.621.88.4Lower Primates11Catarrhini14.1Hominidae23.226.833.621.9ParaneopteraHymenopteraLepidoptera15.79.6Lagomorpha10.9Rodentia18.126.6Drosophilina32.5InsectivoraCulicomorpha3621.825.310.27.67.49ArtiodactylaChiropteraCarnivora44.5Low ChromadoreaCaenorhabditisEquidaeAfrotheria10.1XenarthraAves15.7SquamataCypriniformes27.8Tetraodontiformes26.9SmegmamorphaFigure 1. Phylogenetic tree of vertebrate(A) and invertebrate (B) species groups.On each internal tree branch theproportion (%) of orthologous proteingroups containing atypical, statisticallyrare (p≤0.01), types of amino acidreplacements were shown.This work was supported by RFBR grant No. 09‐04‐01641‐a and Biosphere Origin andEvolution program.References[1]. Pryszcz L.P. et al. (2010) MetaPhOrs: orthology and paralogy predictions from multiple phylogeneticevidence using a consistency‐based confidence score, Nucl. Acids Res., doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq953.[2]. Yang Z. (2007) PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood, Mol. Biol. Evol., 24:1586‐1591.[3]. Arvestad L. (2006) Efficient methods for estimating amino acid replacement rates, J. Mol. Evol., 62:663‐673.[4]. Fletcher W., Yang Z. (2009) INDELible: a flexible simulator of biological sequence evolution, Mol. Biol. Evol.,26:1879‐1888.154