Boreskov

ENDEMIC GENERA IN LATITUDINAL FAUNISTIC ZONES AND POSSIBILITYFOR A HISTORIC MODEL BASED ON LIVING BRACHIOPODSZezina O.N.P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaE‐mail: kap@ocean.ruOP‐32When we see the geographic distribution of living brachiopods in the recent seas andoceans it is evident that the species of these animals are forming very clear faunistic zoneswhich are characteristic for the other marine Invertebrates.Now when “Part H Brachiopoda” (Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 1997‐2007)and the Check‐List of the Recent brachiopods (Zezina, 2008) were published we canunderstand the time when the species and genera of living forms had appeared. Only 16% ofliving species have their paleontological history and 50% of recent genera are known also aspaleontological objects.The oldest genera of living brachiopods are known in the low latitudes (=in the tropicalfaunistic zone) with endemic genera which had been appeared in Mesozoic. The highestlatitudes (= in boreal‐arctic and antarctic faunistic zones) are characterized by youngerendemic genera. But the more interesting are so cold “transition” zones (warm‐temperaland cold‐temperal in both Hemispheres): subtropical and low‐boreal faunistic zones in theNorth and subtropical and notal faunistic zones in the South.Subtropical (or warm‐temperate) zones are similar to the tropical one. The southernsubtropical endemic genera appeared in Maastricht. The subtropic waters could be refugesfor the tropical forms at the borders of their geographical rages. Endemic genera ofbrachiopods in the low‐boreal and in the notal faunistic zones (or cold‐temperate one)appeared in Oligocene‐Miocene. These were the times when Circumpolar Antarctic Currentwas formed. The other half of endemic genera appeared in Holocene after the lastglaciation.Ages of the endemic genera allow to reconstruct a history model for recent marinefauna with the steps depending on the global hydrological changes in the World Ocean.[1]. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H Brachiopoda, revised / A. Williams et al., eds. // Geol. Soc.Am. Univ. Kansas Colorado, Boulder (1997‐2007). Vol. 1, p. 1‐547 (1997); Vols. 2,3, p. 1‐919 (2000); Vol. 4,p. 920‐1688 (2002); Vol. 5, p. 1689‐2320 (2006); Vol. 6, p. 2321‐3226 (2007).[2]. Zezina O.N. (2008) Check‐List of Holocene Brachiopods Annotated with Geographical Ranges of Species //Paleontological Journal. 2010. Vol. 44. N 9. P. 1176‐1199.85