Boreskov

OP‐14gene sequence as about 100 Mya. The analysis of the Wolbachia strain distribution patternand the genus age makes it evident that there is horizontal transmission of Wolbachiaamong distant taxa and it is frequent. According to the recent estimations (2), only amonginsects the number of infected species can be more than 60%. Wolbachia transmission tothe host next generations takes place strictly via eggs. The effects of Wolbachia upon thehost are rather diverse. First of all Wolbachia is a reproductive parasite that may causescytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, male‐killing and feminization. Also Wolbachiapositive influence on the host fitness is well known. Therefore bacteria can be considered amutualistic symbiont.Our present study of infected insects and strait genotyping by MLST as well as becomparing them with the data available in the DB (http://pubmlst.org/wolbachia/) made itpossible to clime existence of “groups in fashion” of Wolbachia strains that are found amongvarious insect taxonomic groups. It is important to notice that it does not depend on locationof a population or ecological features of a species. It is interesting that strains classified asidentical by MLST can bring about different reproductive alterations in different hosts.Hymenopterous insect parasites are likely to be transmitting agents of these bacteria. It isknown that Wolbachia as well as mitochondria can migrate from one cell of the host toanother. An endoparasitic wasp egg in the body of the victim can be destroyed by means ofthe immune system of the host. If the wasp was infected then some portion of the bacteriacan migrate into the cell of the victim and if Wolbachia reaches the host’s gonad it can beinherited. A reverse situation may take place, a growing larva of the wasp may be infectedby the bacteria of the victim and henceforth it inherits the acquired strain. Since biologicaldiversity of wasps and their victims is enormous the exchange of different Wolbachia strainsamong insects turns out noticeable. The “strains in fashion” may have an ability to exist incells of larger‐scale range of hosts or to have efficient means to protect themselves from theaggressive habitat of their new host’s cells in comparison with other strains.Thus Wolbachia spreads among some invertebrata as a facultative component of thegenome and the formation of a new organelle can take place in a long evolutionaryperspective independently in various Nematoda and Arthopoda taxa.Supported by grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research No 09‐04‐00872‐а.References[1]. Bacterial endosymbionts in animals. N. Moran, P. Baumann // Curr Opin Microbiol 2000. V.3 N.3 P. 270‐2755.[2]. How many species are infected with Wolbachia? A statistical analysis of current data. K. Hilgenboecker, P.Hammerstein, P Schlattmann, A. Telschow, J. Werren // FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008 V. 281 N.2 P.215–220.53