Boreskov

PP‐28More specialized species have distinctly different life strategy than less specializedspecies. They have larvae living in the water column for a long time and dispersed for a longdistance. Yet conversely, less specialized species have larvae living in the vicinity of the ventsite where they hatched. These dispersal strategies may account for different types ofgeographic distribution of the shrimp species.Speed of the microevolutionary processes within vent shrimp populations depends onthe degree of specialization. More specialized genera and species with wide‐range dispersalstrategy create a single metapopulation occupying vast areas. Gene exchange along this areamakes both microevolutionary processes and speciation slow. Conversely, less specializedgenera having narrow‐range dispersal strategy are characterized by high speed ofmicroevolutionary processes. Within one geographic region many distinct populations existand speciation occurs much faster that is reflected in a number of distinct species.Thus, evolutionary patterns in extreme biotopes are related to specialization of theshrimp species to the biotope. Moreover, evolutionary patterns may depend on the basicgeological characters. In the relatively young Atlantic Ocean, with low‐spreading mid‐oceanridge and prominent rift valley along the ridge, dispersal of larvae is more successful, geneexchange is high, and microevolutionary processes/speciation are slow. Conversely, in therelatively old Pacific Ocean with high‐spreading mid‐ocean ridge and absent rift valley alongridge dispersal of larvae is less successful, gene exchange is low, and microevolutionaryprocesses/speciation are high.[1]. Cairns‐Smith A.G., Hall A.J., Russell M.J. 1992 Mineral theories of the origin of life and an iron sulfideexample. Orig Life Evol Biosph 22. p.161–180.[2]. Lunina A.A., Vereshchaka A.L. 2008. Hydrothermal vent shrimps Alvinocaris markensis: interpopulationvariation. Doklady Biological Sciences. Т. 421. № 1. p. 266‐268.[3]. Russell M.J., Hall A.J., Cairns‐Smith A.G., Braterman P.S. 1988 Submarine hot springs and the origin of life.Nature 336. p.117[4]. Russell M.J., Daniel R.M., Hall A.J., Sherringham J. 1994 A hydrothermally precipitated catalytic ironsulphide membrane as a first step toward life. J Molec Evol 39. p. 231–243[5]. Russell M.J., Hall A.J. 1997 The emergence of life from iron monosulphide bubbles at a submarinehydrothermal redox and pH front. J Geol Soc Lond 154. p. 377–402[6]. Shank T. M., Black M.B., Halanych K.M., Lutz R.A., Vrijenhoek R.C. 1999. Miocene Radiation of Deep‐SeaHydrothermal Vent Shrimp (Caridea: Bresiliidae): Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome OxidaseSubunit I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Vol. 13, No. 2, November, p. 244–254[7]. Vereshchaka, A. 1997. Comparative morphological studies on four populations of the shrimp Rimicarisexoculata from the Mid‐Atlantic ridge. Deep‐Sea Research I, V. 44 (11), p. 1905‐1921.[8]. Vereshchaka, A.L., Lunina А.А. 2006. Shrimp biology. In: Atlantic vent ecosystems (in Russian) — M.:Nauka. p. 293‐314.182