Boreskov

PROTOBIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES, PREBIOLOGICAL AND BIOMINERALCOEVOLUTIONYushkin N.P.Institute of Geology of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,54, Pervomaiskaya st., Syktyvkar, 167982, RussiaFax: +7 (8212) 425346, yushkin@geo.komisc.ruAbiogenic highly structured solid carboniferous substances and hydrocarbon molecularcrystals, rather widely developed in terrestrial and extraterrestrial objects, possess structuraland functional elements of protocell, protogene, contain building components ofprotoprotein and represent the most appropriate prebiological systems for creation ofinformation genetic apparatus and for development to the simplest living organisms. Theycan be considered as models of protobiological systems. We have conducted detailedresearches of composition, molecular and supramolecular structure of various naturalcarboniferous substances and hydrocarbons, their comparative analysis with biologicalmaterials and biomineral aggregates.Abiogenic hydrocarbon structures, the most homological to bioorganisms, arecrystallized to relatively high thermal and high baric conditions in hydro‐gaseous mineralizedenvironment with carbonate‐chloride‐sulphate magnesium‐potassium‐sodium compositionin the presence of ammonia, sulphur gas, methane, carbon dioxide and other components,in reducing conditions. Biological life could be originated under similar conditions.The formation of biomolecules and other components of life began yet at astrophysicalstage. The first acts of biogeniesis apparently developed not on the Earth surface, but inhydrothermal systems, pegmatites, volcanos, possibly even in gaseous cavities of hardeningmelts. These events occurred in the beginning of crustal stage (4.5‐4 Ga) characterized bymelting of basalts and their granulite metamorphism.Not casual events, but certain geoecological and physical‐chemical conditions resulted inthe life origin. Life formed from prebiological material as single integrated whole, not asseparate parts, casually united, or successive events.The simplest biological systems were hemoautotrophic. Prebiosphere was characterizedby subsurface localization. The life was matured after protoorganisms were brought out tosurface reservoirs, having changed to photoheterotrophic way, in warm water puddles and26