Individual <strong>and</strong> public benefitOur health work during <strong>2007</strong>-<strong>08</strong> clearlyillustrated <strong>the</strong> dual aspect of <strong>the</strong>Ombudsman’s role in achieving remedyin individual cases, while also providingwider public benefit. This wider benefitstems from <strong>the</strong> effective use of ourevidence base <strong>and</strong> our expertise inproviding a high quality complainth<strong>and</strong>ling service, toge<strong>the</strong>r with anacknowledged reputation forindependence <strong>and</strong> impartiality. Thisenables us to provide expertise in goodadministration <strong>and</strong> good complainth<strong>and</strong>ling, drive improvements in <strong>the</strong>delivery of healthcare <strong>and</strong> informpublic policy, demonstrating that <strong>the</strong>Ombudsman not only provides aretrospective remedy for injustice orhardship resulting from maladministrationor service failure, but also seeks to secureprospective improvements in <strong>the</strong> widerpublic interest.In addition to our casework, a major focusin <strong>2007</strong>-<strong>08</strong> was on preparing for our rolein <strong>the</strong> new NHS system for h<strong>and</strong>lingcomplaints, which begins in April 2009.In March 2005 we published MakingThings Better? A report on reformof <strong>the</strong> NHS complaints procedurein Engl<strong>and</strong>. This informed a Departmentof <strong>Health</strong> consultation paper, MakingExperiences Count, a new approach toresponding to complaints, published inJune <strong>2007</strong>, which set out proposals forimproving <strong>and</strong> integrating <strong>the</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ling ofcomplaints about health <strong>and</strong> social care.Now, <strong>the</strong> Department has developed anew system for h<strong>and</strong>ling complaints,which will launch in April 2009. We fullysupport <strong>the</strong>se new arrangements, whichwe believe will enable complaints against<strong>the</strong> NHS to be dealt with more quickly,efficiently <strong>and</strong> fairly. We say more about<strong>the</strong> new arrangements on page 39.A Framework of PrinciplesAfter wide consultation, in October <strong>2007</strong>we published our Principles for Remedy,which offer complementary guidance toour Principles of Good Administration,published in March <strong>2007</strong>. The Principlesfor Remedy follow <strong>the</strong> same six Principlesas our Principles of Good Administration:• Getting it right• Being customer focused• Being open <strong>and</strong> accountable• Acting fairly <strong>and</strong> proportionately• Putting things right• Seeking continuous improvement.Principles for Remedy gives our viewof <strong>the</strong> Principles that should guide NHSbodies <strong>and</strong> individual practitioners inproviding remedies for injustice resultingfrom <strong>the</strong>ir maladministration or servicefailure. We want NHS bodies <strong>and</strong>individuals to be fair <strong>and</strong> takeresponsibility, acknowledge failures <strong>and</strong>apologise for <strong>the</strong>m, make amends <strong>and</strong> use<strong>the</strong> opportunity to improve <strong>the</strong>ir services.During <strong>2007</strong>-<strong>08</strong> we developed <strong>the</strong> thirdin our series of Principles, which we havebeen consulting on in recent months<strong>and</strong> will publish in autumn 20<strong>08</strong>. OurPrinciples of Good Complaint H<strong>and</strong>lingare based on <strong>the</strong> same six core Principlesas our Principles of Good Administration<strong>and</strong> Principles for Remedy. With <strong>the</strong>m weaim to ensure that NHS bodies <strong>and</strong>individuals underst<strong>and</strong> how we expectcomplaints to be h<strong>and</strong>led, <strong>and</strong> thatcomplainants underst<strong>and</strong> how we willconsider <strong>the</strong>ir cases. As with <strong>the</strong> existingPrinciples, we hope that <strong>the</strong>y will proveuseful to both complaint h<strong>and</strong>lers <strong>and</strong>complainants.Poor complaint h<strong>and</strong>ling by NHS bodies<strong>and</strong> individuals was a recurrent <strong>the</strong>meacross our health investigations in <strong>2007</strong>-<strong>08</strong>,<strong>and</strong> one we refer to frequently in <strong>the</strong>pages that follow. Often, <strong>the</strong> failure toprovide an adequate remedy is an elementof poor complaint h<strong>and</strong>ling, <strong>and</strong> is asignificant factor in <strong>the</strong> complainant’sdecision to refer <strong>the</strong> complaint to usfor investigation, as in <strong>the</strong> followingtwo examples.Poor complaint h<strong>and</strong>lingIn <strong>the</strong> case of Mr P an NHS Trust (<strong>the</strong>Trust) failed to explain adequately whyit refused to respond to two complaintshe made on behalf of a friend sufferingfrom Alzheimer’s disease. Nor did <strong>the</strong>Trust demonstrate that it had considered<strong>the</strong> NHS (Complaints) Regulations or <strong>the</strong>relevant legislation in reaching its decision.36
<strong>Parliamentary</strong> <strong>and</strong> health service ombudsman annual report <strong>2007</strong>-<strong>08</strong>15Case StudyPatient confidentiality was noreason to withhold responseIn October 2006 Mr P made two complaints to Bedfordshire<strong>and</strong> Luton Mental <strong>Health</strong> <strong>and</strong> Social Care Partnership NHS Trust(<strong>the</strong> Trust) on behalf of his friend of many years, Mr T, who suffersfrom Alzheimer’s disease <strong>and</strong> so was unable to make <strong>the</strong>complaints himself. Mr P’s complaints were about <strong>the</strong> care <strong>and</strong>treatment provided by <strong>the</strong> Trust to his friend, <strong>and</strong> about <strong>the</strong>suitability of a nursing home, which Mr P believed was contraryto Mr T’s best interests <strong>and</strong> against his wishes. The Trust toldMr P that <strong>the</strong>y could not respond to his complaints, citing <strong>the</strong>need to protect patient confidentiality <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Data ProtectionAct, but would take up <strong>the</strong> matters he had raised with Mr T’s sister,as next of kin.Mr P complained to <strong>the</strong> Ombudsman that <strong>the</strong> Trust’s refusal torespond to his complaints meant his concerns about Mr T’s care<strong>and</strong> treatment remained unanswered. We upheld Mr P’s complaint.While patient confidentiality is a legitimate consideration whendeciding whe<strong>the</strong>r a representative is a suitable complainant, <strong>the</strong>Trust did not adequately explain to Mr P why it should not respondto his complaints. Nor did it demonstrate that it had adequatelyconsidered <strong>the</strong> NHS Complaints Regulations or <strong>the</strong> relevantlegislation in reaching its decision. We found no evidence that <strong>the</strong>Trust had established whe<strong>the</strong>r Mr T was capable of providingconsent for <strong>the</strong> release of confidential information to Mr P, orconsidered if Mr T had given implied consent to release. There wasno evidence that <strong>the</strong> Trust had considered whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re was anyoverriding public interest reason for disclosing information to Mr P,or if any aspects of his complaint could be responded to withoutreleasing confidential information.The Trust agreed to apologise to Mr P for <strong>the</strong> failings we hadidentified <strong>and</strong> to reconsider his request to bring a complaint onMr T’s behalf, taking account of <strong>the</strong> issues we had raised in ourreport (in particular <strong>the</strong> need to provide Mr P with written reasonsfor its decision).37