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Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence Contents

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94 JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WEB INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 2, NO. 2, MAY 2010Signal strength (%)strength (%)SignalTime (seconds)Figure. 7 Signal strength % vs Time <strong>in</strong> seconds distance=3m and one alum<strong>in</strong>ium partition <strong>in</strong> between the nodesTime ( seconds )Figure. 8 Signal Strength % vs. time <strong>in</strong> sec with distance = 6m andtwo alum<strong>in</strong>um partitions between the nodes.VI. CONCLUSIONSWe have presented an approach on how to measure thedistance and position based on the propagation time <strong>of</strong>IEEE 802.11 packets. We used commercial WLAN card<strong>of</strong> l<strong>in</strong>ksys make support<strong>in</strong>g IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g.The distance and the position measure however is logicaland has no relation with the physical distance or position<strong>in</strong> the co-ord<strong>in</strong>ate system. The frequency measurementresults reveal the mobility <strong>of</strong> the neighbor<strong>in</strong>g nodes. Thedistance parameter can be used to detect the location <strong>of</strong>the node especially when two nodes are static and istherefore, sufficient to determ<strong>in</strong>e next hop l<strong>in</strong>k stability.The frequency measurement to determ<strong>in</strong>e the logicalmobility is however important to determ<strong>in</strong>e the next hoproute stability if any one or both <strong>of</strong> the nodes are mobile.The signal quality also adds the QoS factor. This paper <strong>in</strong>spite <strong>of</strong> explor<strong>in</strong>g three important factors like distanceand mobility RSSI value however is silent on the otherfactors like S/N ratio, BER and overall signal quality. Thedistance factor can somehow presume the strength <strong>of</strong>signal but cannot provide the details <strong>of</strong> the qualityparameters like S/N ratio, BER. These parameters S/Nratio and BER comb<strong>in</strong>ed with the above mentionedparameters like distance and frequency may be used t<strong>of</strong><strong>in</strong>d the best route life <strong>in</strong> near future. The algorithmsdepicted also will be <strong>in</strong>corporated <strong>in</strong> the nodes and arout<strong>in</strong>g protocol will be used to see the performanceenhancement <strong>of</strong> this method over others.REFERENCES[1] Nam T. Nguyen, Ady Wang, Peter Reiher, Ge<strong>of</strong>fKuenn<strong>in</strong>g “ Electric Field Based Rout<strong>in</strong>g : AReliable Framework for Rout<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> MANETs ”,ACM Mobile Comput<strong>in</strong>g and CommunicationsReview, USA, 8(2): 35-49, 2004.[2] Sun Xueb<strong>in</strong>, Zhou Zheng, “ L<strong>in</strong>k Perdurability basedRout<strong>in</strong>g for Mobile Ad hoc Networks ”, <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong>Electronics, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, 20(4): 299-304, 2004.[3] M. Royer and C.-K. Toh, “A Review <strong>of</strong> currentRout<strong>in</strong>g Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile WirelessNetworks”, IEEE Personal Communication Magaz<strong>in</strong>e,6(2): 46-55, 1999.[4] Rohit Dube, Cynthia D. Rais, Kuang-Yeh Wang, andSatish K. Tripathi, “Signal Stability-Based AdaptiveRout<strong>in</strong>g (SSA) for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks,” IEEEPersonal Communications, 4(1): 36-45 1997.[5] Young Joo Soh, Won Kim, Dong Hee kwon, “GPS basedReliable Rout<strong>in</strong>g algorithms for Adhoc networks” <strong>in</strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> IEEE International Conference onCommunications, Hels<strong>in</strong>ki, F<strong>in</strong>land, June 11- 14, 2001,pp.3191-3195[6] G. Lim, K. Sh<strong>in</strong>, S. Lee, H. Yoon and J. S. Ma,“L<strong>in</strong>k Stability and route lifetime <strong>in</strong> ad hoc wirelessnetworks”, <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> International Conferenceon Parallel Process<strong>in</strong>g workshop (ICPPW’02),Vancouver, BC, Canada, August 18-21, 2002, pp. 116-123.[7] M. Maleki, K. Dantu, and M. Pedram, "Lifetimeprediction rout<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> mobile ad-hoc networks," IEEEWireless Communications and Network<strong>in</strong>g Conference,USA, March 16-20, 2003, vol.2, pp.1185–1190.[8] W.-F. Wang and P.-H. Shih, "Study on an enhanced l<strong>in</strong>kstabilitybased rout<strong>in</strong>g scheme for mobile ad hocnetworks," <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> 3rd Annual IEEECommunication Society Conference on Sensor and Ad HocCommunications and Networks (SECON'06), Reston, VA,USA, vol.3, September 25-28, 2006, pp. 797–802.[9] F. Erbas, J. E.Garcia, K. Jobmann, “Position- based QoSrout<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> mobile ad hoc networks problem statementand a novel approach”, <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> 3 rd IEEEInternational Conference on performance, Comput<strong>in</strong>gand communications, Pheonix, AZ, USA, April 15- 17,2004, pp. 619- 623.[10] S.R. Medidi, K.H. Vik, “Quality <strong>of</strong> service- Awaresource-Initiated ad-hoc rout<strong>in</strong>g ”, <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong>IEEE SECON Conference Pullman, USA, October 4-7,2004, pp. 108-117.[11] Peng Yang, Biao Huang, "QoS Rout<strong>in</strong>g Protocol Based onL<strong>in</strong>k Stability with Dynamic Delay Prediction <strong>in</strong>MANET”, IEEE Pacific-Asia Workshop onComputational <strong>Intelligence</strong> and Industrial Application(PACII), Wuhan, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, vol. 1, December 19-20, 2008,pp.515-518..[12] O. Tickoo, S. Raghunath, Kalyanaraman S, “Routefragility: a novel metric for route selection <strong>in</strong> mobile adhoc networks”, <strong>in</strong> Procced<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> the 11 th IEEE<strong>in</strong>ternational conference on networks (ICON), SydneyNSW, Austrailia, september 28- 1 st october 2003, pp. 537-542.[13] Nikoletta S<strong>of</strong>ra, K. K. Leung, “ Estimation <strong>of</strong> L<strong>in</strong>k qualityand Residual Time <strong>in</strong> VANETs”, <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> IEEEwireless communications and Network<strong>in</strong>g Conference(WCNC), Sydney, Austrailia, 31 March- 3 rd April, 2008,pp.2444-2449.[14] Murad Abusubaih, Berthold Rathke, and AdamWolisz, “A Dual Distance Measurement scheme forIndoor IEEE Wireless Local Area Networks”, <strong>in</strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> the 9 th IFIP/IEEE InternationalConference on Mobile and wireless CommunicationNetworks (MWCN’07), Ireland, Cork, September 9-21,2007, pp. 121-125.© 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

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