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146 JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WEB INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 2, NO. 2, MAY 2010Figure 7. Bitwise window methodC. Bitwise combination matrixFigure 6. Improved window methodFor Bitwise combination matrix, all binary bits ofsingle rows is each windows are converted to decimal,no. of window is reduced to n. By this method, time isreduced approximately by ten times. It is very effectivemethod even when the network is very large.For example the bitwise combination matrix for 8 8network size is demonstrated in Fig. 5. The number ofcolumns in WM is 6 (Ci, i = 2n) and for bitwise WM is 2(Ci, i = n) [11,12].VII. CONCLUSIONIn this paper properties of electronic and opticalMINs have been explained and compared. It isconcluded that for today’s applications such as in widearea networks (WANs) optical networks is the promisingchoice to meet the high demand of Speed and Bandwidth.The paper also describes the problems and solutions ofoptical MINs. Various methods available in literature,which are used for crosstalk avoidance in TDM approach,are described in detail. It has been observed that theimproved window method takes lesser time to findconflicts as compared to window method. The bitwisewindow method reduces the execution time ten timesthan the other algorithms even when the network size islarge.REFERENCESCombination MatrixD. Bitwise window methodBitwise Combination MatrixIn this method, source and destination address is indecimal format. Number of windows is log 2 N. Thus, fromcombination matrix, the optical window size is only onefor a different network size and the number of window islog 2 N. In other words, there are only one decimal numberin each row and each window for comparison and findinga conflict [11,12].[1] A. Verma and C.S. Raghvendra, “InterconnectionNetworks for Multiprocessors and Mul-ticomputers:Theory and Practice”, IEEE Computer Society Press,Los Alamitos, California, 1994.[2] A.K. Katangur, Y. Pan and M.D Fraser, “MessageRouting and Scheduling in Optical Mul-tistageNetworks Using Simulated Annealing”, InternationalProceedings of the Parallel and Distributed ProcessingSymposium (IPDPS), 2002.[3] C. Qiao, and R. Melhem, “A Time Domain ApproachFor Avoiding Crosstalk In Optical Blocking Multi-stageInterconnection Networks”, Journal of LightwaveTechnology, vol. 12 no. 10, October 1994, pp. 1854-1862.[4] C. Siu and X. Tiehong , “New Algorithm for MessageRouting and Scheduling in Optical MultistageInterconnection Network”, Proceedings of InternationalConferwnce on Optical Communications Systems andNetworks, 2004.[5] D. K. Hunter and I. Andonovic, “Guided wave opticalswitch architectures,” International Journal ofOptoelectronics, vol. 9, no. 6, 1994, pp. 477-487.[6] Hasan, “Rearrangeability of (2n − 1)-Stage Shuffle-Exchange Networks”, Society for Industrial and AppliedMathematics, vol. 32, no. 3, 2003, pp. 557-585.[7] J. T. Blaket and K.S. Trivedi, “Reliabilities of TwoFault-Tolerant Interconnection Networks”, Proceedingof IEEE, 1988, pp. 300-305.[8] K. Padmanabhan and A. Netravali, “Dilated Networksfor Photonic Switching”, IEEE Transactions onCommunication, vol. 35, no. 12, 1987, pp. 1357-1365.[9] L. N. Bhuyan and D.P. Aggarwal, “Design andperformance of generalized interconnection networks”,© 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WEB INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 2, NO. 2, MAY 2010 147IEEE Transactions on computers, vol. C-32, no. 2,1983, pp. 1081–1090.[10] L. N. Bhuyan, Q. Yang Qing and D.P. Aggarwal,“Performance of Multiprocessor InterconnectionNetworks”, IEEE Computers, vol. 22, 1989, pp. 25-37.[11] M. A, M. Othman and R. Johari, “An efficient approachto avoid crosstalk in optical Omega Network”,International Journal of Computer, Internet andManagement, vol. 14, no. 1, 2005, pp. 50-60.[12] M. Ali, M. Othman, R. Johari and S. Subramaniam,“New Algorithm to Avoid Cros- stalk in OpticalMultistage Interconnection Networks”, Proceedings ofIEEE International Conference on Network (MICC-ICON), 2005, pp. 501-504.[13] M. Fang, Layout Optimization for Point to Multi Point,Wireless Optical Networks via Simulated Annealing &Genetic Algorithm”, Master Project, University ofBridgeport, 2000.[14] Regis Bates, “Optical Switching and NetworkingHandbook”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.[15] X. Shen, F. Yang and Y. Pan, “Equivalent permutationcapabilities between time division optical omeganetworks and non-optical extra-stage omega networks”,IEEE Transactions on Networking, vol.9, no. 4, 2001,pp. 518-524.[16] Y. Pan , X. Lin, and X. Jia, Evolutionary Approach ForMessage Scheduling In Optical Omega Networks, FifthIntern. Conf. on Algorithms and Architectures forParallel Processing (ICA3PP), 2002.Himanshu Aggarwal, Ph.D., isReader in Computer Engineering atUniversity College of Engineering,Punjabi University, Patiala. He hasmore than 16 years of teachingexperience and served academicinstitutions such as Thapar Instituteof Engineering & Technology,Patiala, Guru Nanak DevEngineering College, Ludhiana and Technical Teacher'sTraining Institute, Chandigarh. He is an active researcher whohas supervised many M.Tech. Dissertations and contributed 32articles in Conferences and 13 papers in research Journals. Hisareas of interest are Information Systems, ERP and ParallelComputing.BiographiesRinkle Rani Aggarwal,B.Tech (Computer Science &Engg.), M.S. (SoftwareSystems), is Senior Lecturer inComputer Science &Engineering Department atThapar University, Patiala. Shehas more than 12 years ofteaching experience and servedacademic institutions such as Guru Nanak DevEngineering College, Ludhiana and S.S.I.E.T 'Derabassi.She has supervised many M.Tech. Dissertations andcontributed 23 articles in Conferences and 11 papers inresearch Journals. Her areas of interest are ParallelComputing and Algorithms.Lakhwinder Kaur, Ph.D. isReader in Computer Engineering atUniversity College of EngineeringPunjabi University, Patiala. Shehas 17 years of teachingexperience. She has published 12research papers in InternationalJournals. Her areas of interest areImage processing, ParallelComputing and ComputerGraphics.© 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
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