Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence Contents

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108 JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WEB INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 2, NO. 2, MAY 2010B. Integrated CPE Functional DecompositionFigure 2 shows the Open CPE architecture that isintended to fulfill the requirements as listed above and tosupport multiple broadband access technologies andtelephony protocol standards. It is composed of a CPEController Module (CCM), LAN Interface Modules(LIM), and WAN Interface Modules (WIM). The CCMconsists of a CPE Controller, Flash, ROM, and RAM thatcontain a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) andsoftware to implement telephony call control, networkmanagement, and service logic functions, as well as thirdpartyapplications. The CCM may also include a DigitalSignaling Processor (DSP) to implement media streamingprocessing functions, such as vocoder, echo cancellation,tone generation and detection. The CCM can be reconfiguredto support different protocols or telephonystandards through software downloading.Figure 2: Open CPE architectureWIM and LIM contain plug-ins to support variousWAN and LAN interfaces. WIM may consist of aWireless Modem , a Cable Modem, a DSL Modem, aFiber Modem, and a 10 Gigabit Ethernet module thatprovide interfaces to the broadband access network. LIMmay include interfaces to analog phones. There are twobuses responsible for the distribution of user data, realtimevoice streaming, control signaling, and themanagement data between the CCM Controller and theWIM/LIM. The interface specification should meet therequirements of transporting real-time and non-real-timedata. The open CPE architecture as described above isderived from the abstraction of multiple CPE platformsthat may use various broadband access technologies andstandards. The goal of the abstraction is to find out whatfunctions are common to all CPEs and therefore shouldbe implemented in CCM, and what functions are interfacedependent. and therefore are more appropriatelyimplemented in plug-in modules. Figure 3 gives anexample of the CPE functional decomposition. It depictsthe protocol stacks of I-CPE supporting cable, xDSL, and10 Gigabit Ethernet broadband interfaces to provide voiceand data convergence services.Figure 3: I-CPE protocol stackThe Cable CPE is intended to provide VoIP services.It uses Network-based Call Signaling (NCS) [4] as thesignaling protocol to perform telephony call controlfunctions, while encapsulating the voice streaming data inthe Real-Time Protocol (RTP) packets to be sent to theCable Modem Termination System (CMTS). xDSL CPEprovides VoIP and Voice over AAL2 (ATM AdaptationLayer type 2) Loop Emulation Services (LES) [5]. It usesH.248 [7] and Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)protocols to implement telephony call control functionsfor VoIP and VoAAL2, respectively. The voice streamingdata are encapsulated in either RTP or AAL2 packets tobe sent to the DSL Access Multiplex (DSLAM). In thisexample, the Ethernet CPE acts as a SIP client to provideVoIP services. SIP is used to establish, modify, andterminate multi-media sessions and calls [10]. The voicestreaming is encapsulated in the RTP packets transmittingto the terminating party via the User Datagram Protocol(UDP) connection.In the Time Division Multiplex (TDM) networks,only call control and management functions areimplemented by software in the processor, leaving thevoice processing to be handled by the hardware, becauseof the latency concern.However, the trend toward packet telephony, alongwith the advancement and increasing performance ofprocessors in recent years, has made it possible for, andeven demanded that, voice streaming be processed bysoftware. Thus, as Figure 3 indicates, it makes good senseto locate the CCM-WIM interface between Layer 2 andLayer 3 of the protocol stack. The CCM containssoftware to implement voice processing, the signalingprotocol, and management functions. WIM shouldimplement Physical layer (PHY), Medium AccessControl (MAC), Logical Link Control (LLC),Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and ATM.Adaptation Layer (AAL) functions that are closelycoupled with each broadband access interface.IV. CONCLUSIONThe explosion of the Internet along with regulationand technology changes are reshaping telecommunicationnetworks in many ways. The industry is moving towardthe convergence of PSTN and the Internet. The© 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WEB INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 2, NO. 2, MAY 2010 109converged network, the NGN, will operate in a verysimilar way to the Internet topology in which centraloffice switches are decomposed into distributed systemsthat are based on the Softswitch model. As a result, theNGN will no longer provide transport services betweentelephone equipment (as PSTN previously did), but willprovide personalized multi-media services. Thisconvergence of voice and Internet data traffic also callsfor the deployment of I-CPE to provide integratedservices. However, the ever-changing network standardsand competing technologies not only confuse carriers, butalso prevent them from committing to massive CPEdeployment, because they are afraid that the CPE justdeployed will have to be replaced in a few years.Hardware replacement is very common in the PC andcellular phone business when new standards ortechnologies are introduced, but it presents a big threat tothe wireline broadband business because CPEdeployment is such a daunting task that it cannot becompleted easily. In this paper, I proposed an open CPEarchitecture to solve the CPE deployment dilemma. Thearchitecture is very flexible and can support multipleWAN/LAN technologies and IP Telephony standards. Italso includes a common API to allow users to customizeor even create new services and third-party developers tocreate new applications and services. The open CPEarchitecture will allow CPE vendors to lower costs andreduce time-to-market, and most importantly enableservice providers to provide many value-added servicesthat promise great potential for generating additionalrevenueREFERENCES[1] C. A. Eldering, “Customer Premises Equipment forResidential Broadband Gateway,” IEEE CommunicationMagazine, , pp. 114-121, June 1997.[2] S. Moyer and A. Umar, “The Impact of NetworkConvergence on Telecommunications Software,” IEEECommunication Magazine, pp. 78-84, January 2001[3] C. Low, “Integrating Communication Services,” IEEECommunication Magazine, pp. 164-169, June 1997.[4] “PacketCable Network-based Call Signaling ProtocolSpecification,” Pkt-SP-EC-MGCP-101-990312, Cable Lab,3/12/1999.[5] “Voice and Multimedia over ATM–Loop Emulation ServiceUsing AAL2,” af-vmoa-145.000, ATM Forum, July 2000.[6] J. Chou, “The migration of LES to the Next GenerationNetwork based on H.248,” ATM Forum, atm00-164, SanFrancisco, May 2000[7] F. Cuervo, N. Greene, A. Rayhan, C. Huitema, B. Rosen,and J. Segers. “Megaco Protocol Version 1.0,” IETFRFC3015, November 2000.[8] J. Lennox, H. Schulzrinne, “Call Processing LanguageFramework and Requirements,” IETF RFC2824, May 2000.[9] J. Rosenberg, J. Lennox, H. Schulzrinne, “ProgrammingInternet Telephony Services,” IEEE Internet Computing,May-June 1999, pp. 63-72.[10] M. Handley, H. Schulzrinne, E. Schooler, and J.Rosenberg, “SIP: Session Initiation Protocol,” IETF,RFC2543, March 1999.[11] “OpenCable,” http://www.opencable.com, Cable Labs.[12] J. Lennox, H. Schulzrinne, J. Rosenberg, “CommonGateway Interface for SIP,” IETF RFC3050, January 2001.[13] IEEE P802.3ae 10Gb/s Ethernet Task Force,http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/ae/index.html.[14] “Lighting Internet in the WAN,” TelecommunicationMagazine, September, 2000, http://telecomsmag.com/issues/200009/tcs/lighting_internet.html.Kushal Roy, born in M.P Republic of India on December13 th 1979, received his Bachelors Degree with Honors inElectronics and Communication Engineering form GovernmentEngineering College Ujjain, M.P India, in the year 2002,achieved his Master’s Degree M,Phil in Instrumentation fromIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee, U.A Republic of Indiain the year 2004 with nano scale instrumentation and optoinstrumentation as major fields of study.He is involved extensively involved in Research educationand development since 2004 with more than 5 years ofexperience in teaching undergraduate as well as post graduatestudents in various renowned Institutes across the country.Presently he is serving as faculty in the Department ofElectronics and communication Engineering, Haldia Institute ofTechnology ICARE (Indian Center for Advancement inResearch and Education) Complex, Haldia, West BengalRepublic of India.Mr. Roy has contributed to more than 6 internationalconferences papers across the globe in Italy, Singapore,Morocco, USA etc. He is also working as Principal Investigatorto a sponsored project on “Study and Development of nanoscale piezo electronic material Lead Zirconium Titanate,(popularly known as PZT) by sol-gel process.” (conferred videHonorable President of India Direct sanction orderSR/FTP/ETA-49/07) worth 0.522 million INR, Science andEngineering Research Council, Department of Science andTechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology Governmentof India.© 2010 ACADEMY PUBLISHER
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